The cultivation of astragalus is a simple, cost-effective, and efficient method that can be easily adopted by rural families. It requires minimal feed, has a low investment cost, and yields fast results. This guide provides farmers with the latest techniques, key points, and precautions for successful breeding. Given the high incidence of jaundice in spring, it's crucial for farmers to adopt scientific rearing practices.
**Seedling Breeding**
To ensure quality offspring, select healthy quail for breeding. Female quails should be at least 35 cm long, weighing between 50-150 grams, with a transparent zone and swollen abdomen, indicating readiness for egg-laying. Males should be over 55 cm long, weighing more than 150 grams, with red markings on the belly and a clear fluid when pressed. It’s recommended to use two or three females per male.
For artificial breeding, inject LRH-a into females (10 μg per 50g body weight) and males (15-25 mg per tail). Males should be injected 24 hours before females. The injection depth should not exceed 0.5 cm, and the volume should be no more than 1 ml.
**Artificial Insemination**
Hold the female with a towel and gently press the abdomen to expose the cloaca. If blocked, carefully cut the cloaca and extract the eggs. Place them in a disinfected container. For insemination, remove the testes from selected males, grind them, and filter the semen through a 100-mesh sieve. Mix the semen with the eggs and stir for 5 minutes. Rinse the testes with blood to remove any residue. Fertilized eggs are then incubated in a temperature-controlled environment, using at least two males for each batch.
**Temperature Control and Hatching**
Maintain a water depth of about 10 cm during hatching. Change water regularly but keep the temperature below 4°C. Higher temperatures reduce incubation time.
**Fry Cultivation**
Use concrete tanks for fry rearing. Add a small amount of manure water and plant aquatic plants like water hyacinth on the surface. Stock fry at 200 per square meter. After 1-2 months, when they reach about 10 cm, transfer them to larger ponds.
**Disease Prevention and Treatment**
Disinfect the pond with quicklime (100g/m²) 8-10 days before stocking. Every 30 days, apply 20ppm calcium peroxide to improve oxygen levels and prevent sludge buildup. Disinfect with 15 ppm lime every 15 days. Administer 20g allicin per 100kg of fish daily for 5 days to prevent disease.
Common diseases include:
- **Tail Rot**: Treat with Quanling Chiling and avoid overcrowding.
- **Body Ulceration**: Use quicklime to clean the pond and spray 5-10ml Quan Zhi Ling per cubic meter.
- **Cold Stress**: Monitor water temperature changes.
- **Intestinal Disease**: Avoid spoiled food, treat with bleaching powder or lime.
- **Capillary Nematode**: Feed trichlorfon crystals mixed with bait for 6 days.
**Artificial Fattening**
Build ponds in sheltered areas with good water sources. Cement or earthen ponds are ideal. Maintain a depth of 70 cm, with walls 30 cm above the water level. Plant water hyacinth on 1/3 of the surface for cover. Stock seedlings based on size: 60-80 tails/kg, 1 kg/m².
**Feeding and Management**
Feed astragalus with oyster meat, snails, small fish, and vegetables. Feed in the evening initially, gradually moving to 2 pm. Maintain a feeding rate of 5%-6% initially, decreasing to 1%-2%. Keep water clean, shallow at first, and change it every 3 days. During hot weather, change daily in the early morning to avoid temperature shock.
**Cultivation Methods**
**Cage Culture**: Suitable for large water bodies. Use cages of 5m x 4m with 40cm water depth. Place them in ponds with at least 0.8m depth. Cover 90-95% of the cage with water peanuts.
**Plastic Greenhouse Aquaculture**: Two methods: open style for warm regions, and closed-loop for urban areas. Both require controlled water flow and filtration systems.
**Paddy Field Cultivation**: A low-cost, dual-purpose system. Prepare paddy fields with proper drainage and trenches. Stock fish in April, and soak them in saline solution to protect against parasites.
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