In July, during the rainy season, the combination of high temperatures and heavy rainfall creates favorable conditions for various diseases and pests that can affect apple trees. This period is critical for orchard management, as it directly impacts fruit quality and tree health in the following months. Proper disease and pest control measures are essential to ensure a successful harvest and healthy growth of the trees. Here are the main issues and their corresponding control strategies:
1. **Apple Ring Rot and Anthracnose**: Starting from July, symptoms on the fruits become visible. Initially, brown spots appear around lenticels, gradually expanding into concentric rings. For anthracnose, small light brown spots develop on the fruit surface, which then grow larger, turning dark brown and penetrating deep into the fruit. Black concentric spots appear at the center. Infected fruits should be removed and buried immediately. Apply bactericides every 15 days, alternating between 50% carbendazim WP (600 times), 75% chlorothalonil WP (600 times), 40% emulsifiable concentrate (500 times), and 70% thiophanate-methyl (800 times). To prevent resistance, consider using combinations like B-aluminum with carbendazim. Also, make sure to spray after each rain to maintain protection.
2. **Black Rot**: The disease peaks in July. Regular monitoring is necessary to detect new lesions early. Once found, remove the affected parts and apply a 10-degree lime sulfur solution to disinfect the wounds.
3. **Early Leaf Fall**: With heavy rainfall, leaf drop becomes common. To prevent this, spray 50% acetamiprid WP (1000 times) or 50% special wettable powder (600 times) as a preventive measure.
4. **Peach Borer**: The adult stage emerges in early July. From this time onward, spray 20% chlorpyrifos (2000 times), which also helps control red spider mites, or use 30% Tao Xiaoling EC (2000 times) and 40.7% Loester EC (1000–1500 times). Focus the spraying on the base of the fruit trees.
5. **Leaf Roller Moth**: First-generation larvae begin hatching in early July, causing damage to leaves and fruit skins. Effective treatments include 20% chlorinated EC (3000 times) or 50% phoxim EC (1000 times).
6. **Golden-Lined Moth**: The second generation of adults appears in early July. A 25% diflubenzuron (2000 times) spray is effective in controlling its population.
By implementing these practices, growers can significantly reduce the risk of disease and pest infestations, ensuring healthier apple trees and better fruit quality throughout the growing season. Always follow label instructions and rotate pesticides to avoid resistance. Regular field inspections and timely interventions are key to successful orchard management.
Orthopedic External Fixator
Orthopedic external fixation system
The screw orthopedic is inserted into the bone near the fracture, and the fracture is fixed with an external fixator assembled by a chuck and a nail rod.
Indications
open fracture, nonunion, closed fracture with extensive soft tissue injury, fracture with multiple trauma, osteotomy and correction.
The use of orthopaedic external fixators is currently a superior fracture fixation technique, filling the gap between cast and internal fixation. At the same time, orthopedic external fixator has the characteristics of simple fixation method, stable, reliable and effective, and does not limit the joint movement, can be early ambulation advantages. It can reduce the time for the operator and is more friendly to the user. The external fixator was used together with the bone traction needle. In terms of the classification of orthopedic external fixators, it is mainly divided into four types: orthofix type external fixation, ilizarov type external fixation, ao synthes type external fixation,combined external fixator and common external fixators.
The external fixators in orthopaedics was used for reduction (shortening and overlapping displacement were corrected first, then lateral and angular displacement were corrected, and finally rotational and separation displacement were corrected; If closed reduction is difficult, open reduction can be considered, but the separation of soft tissue and peeling of periosteum should be minimized.
The selection of the insertion site.According to the anatomical characteristics of the soft tissue at the insertion plane, the important nerves, vessels and tendons should be avoided; The ideal entry point is the part of the bone close to the subcutaneous, in a word, generally choose the skin and bone between the muscle soft tissue is the weakest point into the needle. The installation shall facilitate observation and control of soft tissue damage, and permit any surgery that may be required, such as repair and reconstruction, dressing change, skin grafting, or bone grafting." According to the location of the bone, different diameters of the threaded needle were selected. Removal was performed after completion of late treatment.
Orthopedic External Fixator,Orthopedic Fixator,External Fixation,External Fixator
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