During the breeding season, rams require careful attention to their health and management in order to maintain optimal fertility and reproductive performance. A healthy ram should be of medium to high body condition, strong in build, alert, energetic, with a strong sexual drive and excellent semen quality. To ensure this, several key management practices must be followed:
1. **Improve Nutrition**: Rams need a balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals during the breeding period. High-quality forages such as alfalfa, clover, and green oat hay are ideal for roughage. For concentrates, oats, barley, corn, sorghum, peas, black beans, and soybean meal are excellent choices. Juicy feeds like carrots and sugar beet can also be included. The daily concentrate intake is typically 1–1.5 kg depending on the ram's weight and breeding activity. Hay should be available at all times, especially in winter. Additionally, 10 grams of bone powder and 15–20 grams of salt should be provided daily. If the ram is used frequently for semen collection, adding one or two eggs per day can help maintain energy levels. It’s important not to overfeed, as excessive food intake can reduce fertility and affect breeding performance.
2. **Increase Exercise and Grazing**: Alongside proper feeding, regular grazing and controlled exercise are essential to improve muscle tone and sperm motility. However, grazing and physical activity should be managed separately. When grazing, keep rams away from ewes as much as possible to avoid unwanted matings. Also, prevent aggressive behavior between rams by keeping them in separate groups. Exercise should follow the "three fixed" principle: fixed time, fixed distance, and fixed speed, to maintain consistency and avoid stress.
3. **Enhance Management Practices**: During the mating season, rams can become more restless and difficult to handle. Safety is crucial during artificial insemination or natural breeding. Always have personnel present when rams are grazing or exercising to prevent them from mixing with ewes. Their living space should be clean, dry, and well-ventilated, with regular cleaning and disinfection. A spacious and secure pen is essential to reduce stress and promote good health.
By focusing on nutrition, exercise, and management, breeders can ensure that rams remain in peak condition, leading to better breeding outcomes and higher fertility rates.
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