In July, during the rainy season, the combination of high temperatures and heavy rainfall creates favorable conditions for various diseases and pests that can affect apple trees. Proper management during this time is crucial to ensure healthy tree growth and high-quality fruit production. Below are the main pests and diseases that appear in this period, along with effective control methods:
1. **Apple Ring Rot and Anthracnose**:
From July onward, symptoms of these diseases begin to show. Initially, brown spots with lenticels as the center appear on the fruits, which gradually develop into concentric rings of dark and light colors. For anthracnose, small, light brown circular spots appear first, then expand into brown or dark brown lesions that penetrate deep into the fruit. A central ring of small black spots may also form. Infected fruits should be removed and buried immediately. Apply a bactericide every 15 days, alternating between 50% carbendazim WP diluted at 600 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP at 600 times, 40% mancozeb wettable powder at 500 times, and 70% thiophanate-methyl at 800 times. To avoid resistance, consider using mixtures like B-aluminum and carbendazim, and make sure to spray promptly after rain.
2. **Fruit Rot (Phytophthora)**:
This disease reaches its peak in July. Regular monitoring for new lesions is essential. When found, scrape the affected areas and apply a 10-degree Bordeaux mixture or lime sulfur solution to disinfect the wounds.
3. **Early Leaf Drop**:
With heavy rains, apple trees may experience early defoliation. To prevent this, spray 50% acetamiprid WP at 1000 times dilution or 50% thiamethoxam WP at 600 times. These treatments help protect the leaves from premature loss.
4. **Peach Borer (Anisodus):**
The adult stage of the peach borer emerges in early July. To manage this pest, use a 20% chlorpyrifos solution diluted at 2000 times (which can also control red spider mites), or 30% emulsifiable concentrate of Tao Xiaoling at 2000 times, or 40.7% Loester EC at 1000–1500 times. Focus spraying on the base of the trunk and around the roots.
5. **Leaf Roller Moth (Carpocapsa):**
First-generation larvae begin hatching in early July, causing damage to leaves and young bark. Effective sprays include 20% chlorpyrifos EC at 3000 times or 50% phoxim EC at 1000 times.
6. **Golden-lined Moth (Choristoneura):**
Early July marks the second generation of adults. Applying 25% diflubenzuron at 2000 times dilution can effectively control their population.
Proper timing and regular monitoring are key to successful pest and disease management. Always follow label instructions and rotate chemicals to prevent resistance. Maintaining good orchard hygiene and ensuring proper drainage will also contribute to healthier apple trees throughout the season.
Pelvic Plate
Due to the irregular characteristics of the pelvic structure, the choice of internal fixation is diverse.
For patients separated symphysis pubis, a 2 or 4 holes, 4.5 or 3.5mm diameter dynamic compression plate or reconstruction plate can be used and fixed with full-thread cancellous bone screws.Another method of fixation is lag screw fixation. In patients with new sacroiliac joint dislocation with a forward approach,firm fixation can be achieved by using 2holes 3.5mm dynamic compression plates through the front of the sacroiliac joint. The posterior approach can also be used to insert 6.5mm lag screws into the sacral wings or hollow cancellous bone screws with interosseous compression for firm internal fixation. If available, the fracture may be fixed with 3.5mm or 4.5mm pelvic reconstruction plates and appropriate full-thread cancellous bone screws.
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