Guinea fowl are highly resilient to both cold and heat, capable of thriving in temperatures ranging from -20°C to +40°C when raised in captivity. Their temperament is generally calm and social, making them suitable for group housing, often kept in groups of dozens or even hundreds. They are not particularly strong flyers, with a maximum flight height of about 3 meters, but they tend to move around frequently. However, they are easily startled by sudden noises or disturbances, which can cause them to panic and run into objects—this stress can negatively impact their growth and egg production. In terms of diet, guinea fowl are omnivorous and have a broad appetite, consuming a variety of plant and animal-based foods.
Guinea fowl raised for meat typically reach a weight of 2 kg within 5 months, and begin laying eggs at 6 months of age, producing between 120 to 160 eggs per year. Each egg weighs approximately 45 grams, and the incubation period lasts 27 days. Unlike some other poultry species, adult guinea fowl do not naturally sit on their eggs, so artificial incubation is necessary for successful hatching.
When raising guinea fowl, it's best to use flat or cage systems depending on the purpose—whether for broiler or layer production. The coop should be located in a quiet, dry, and well-ventilated area, preferably facing south. Outdoor areas should be enclosed with nets, and the ground should be covered with sawdust or chopped straw, which should be changed regularly for hygiene. Feeding equipment such as troughs should be rectangular and sized according to the number of birds.
Guinea fowl have a wide-ranging diet and can be fed with standard chicken feed, including corn, soybean meal, bran, fishmeal, wheat, bone meal, shell powder, salt, vitamins, and minerals. A balanced formula feed should contain 45%-70% cereals, 5%-15% bran, 15%-25% animal protein, 3%-7% minerals, and 0.5%-1% Additives. Green feed like grass, vegetables, and leaves is especially favored and beneficial, helping reduce feed costs while improving meat quality and flavor. Sand baths should also be provided for dust bathing, which helps maintain feather health.
For brooding, guinea fowl can be raised on the floor or in cages. In the first week, chicks require a temperature of 35-38°C, gradually decreasing by 3°C per week. Humidity should be maintained at 60-65%, and proper ventilation is essential. Lighting should be adjusted as the chicks grow, starting with 23-20 hours per day in the first week, reducing to 16-12 hours in the second week, and 14-12 hours in the third week. For commercial meat production, full-nutrient feed with higher crude protein (around 20%) is recommended, and feeding should occur once at night. Housing should allow for controlled movement and good air quality.
For egg-laying guinea fowl, the feed should contain at least 16% crude protein, along with adequate minerals and vitamins. Bone meal and shell powder should make up 5% of the diet, and lighting should be maintained at 14-16 hours daily. During short-day periods, supplemental lighting may be needed. For flat raising, the density should be around 6 birds per square meter, and 14 per square meter if using cages. Egg production peaks in the first year and declines to about 80% in the third year, so regular flock replacement is important.
Breeding guinea fowl are usually raised without caging, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4. Proper management ensures healthy breeding and high hatchability.
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