First, corn storage technology has several key characteristics that must be considered. One of the main issues is the high and uneven initial moisture content. During the harvest season, factors such as weather conditions often lead to significant variations in moisture levels among corn kernels. Additionally, the maturity of the corn is not uniform, with the top grains on the ear maturing more slowly and containing higher moisture. These grains are more prone to damage during the threshing process. Second, the corn kernel's embryo is large and highly active in terms of respiration. The embryo makes up about one-third of the grain's size and around 10-12% of its weight. It has a loose structure, rich in protein, soluble sugars, and fats, which leads to a high level of respiration—about 8 to 11 times greater than that of wheat. This high respiration rate causes corn to absorb moisture easily, leading to mold growth, souring, and bitterness during storage. Third, the corn embryo contains a high amount of fat, making it susceptible to rancidity. Approximately 77-89% of the total fat in the grain is found in the embryo, and its fatty acid value is consistently higher than that of the endosperm. Rancidity typically starts in the embryo area, making it a critical point for monitoring during storage. Fourth, the corn embryo is also vulnerable to mold. Due to its high nutrient content and the presence of microorganisms, it is the first part of the kernel where pests and molds tend to develop. Once the embryo absorbs moisture and the temperature becomes favorable, mold spores multiply rapidly, leading to spoilage. Regarding the storage of whole ears of corn, they are usually kept in specially designed containers. These containers can be rectangular or round in shape. For rectangular storage, the base should be 0.5 to 1.0 meters above the ground, with the length determined by the terrain and the width not exceeding 2.0 meters. They are typically made from wood or straw. Round storage structures have a diameter of about 0.5 meters and can extend up to 3-4 meters in height, surrounded by reeds or straw. During storage, it's important to ensure the cover is tightly sealed to prevent rain or snow from entering the storage area. Choose a dry and well-ventilated location, and maintain proper spacing between storage units to allow for good air circulation. If the moisture content of the ears is low, it’s advisable to thresh them promptly to avoid mold or rancidity during wet seasons. If the moisture content of the ears is uniform and within safe limits upon storage, heat or mold formation is unlikely. However, regular inspections are necessary. If any signs of heat or humidity are detected, cooling measures should be taken immediately. For stored corn kernels, dried kernels can be placed in warehouses with a stacking height of 2-3 meters. Corn with a moisture content below 13% and a grain temperature not exceeding 30°C is generally safe for summer storage. For newly harvested kernels, it's recommended to aerate and turn them over about a month after storage, especially when transitioning from autumn to winter, to distribute any trapped heat and prevent sweating. In winter, if the moisture content is reduced to below 14%, cryogenic freezing can be used to seal the kernels and ensure safe storage through the warmer months.
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