Foliar fertilizer is a type of nutrient supplement applied directly to the surface of plant leaves, allowing the plants to absorb essential elements through their foliage. This method offers rapid results, high efficiency, and a lower application rate compared to traditional soil fertilization. It’s widely used in agriculture due to its effectiveness in boosting crop yield. However, improper use can lead to waste or even harm to the plants. To ensure optimal results, it's important to follow some key guidelines when applying foliar fertilizers.
First, choose the right type based on the crop's needs. There are various types of foliar fertilizers available, including those containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, micronutrients, amino acids, and growth regulators. Before selecting a product, it's crucial to assess the soil's nutrient content and pH level. In cases where the base fertilizer is insufficient, foliar fertilizers rich in NPK are ideal. When sufficient base fertilizer is already applied, focus on micronutrients. For example, boron deficiency can cause cotton bolls to drop, so applying boron fertilizer during the budding stage can help. Similarly, tomato blossom end rot is often linked to potassium deficiency, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be beneficial.
Second, ensure the foliar fertilizer is fully soluble. Since it’s sprayed as a solution, any insoluble particles may not be absorbed and could damage the leaves. Therefore, choose high-quality products with less than 5% water-insoluble matter.
Third, maintain an appropriate pH level—ideally between 5 and 8. Extreme acidity or alkalinity can harm the plant and reduce nutrient absorption.
Fourth, use the correct concentration. Too low a concentration won’t provide enough nutrients, while too high can burn the leaves. For instance, urea is typically applied at 1–2% for corn, 0.5–1% for vegetables, and no more than 0.2% for seedlings. Micronutrient sprays usually range from 0.3–0.5%, with some elements like zinc or copper requiring even lower concentrations.
Fifth, consider the chemical stability of the fertilizer. Some products, like ferrous sulfate, can degrade quickly. To improve stability, add a small amount of acid (like vinegar or mineral acid) when preparing the solution.
Sixth, spray at the right time. Evening hours are best, as they allow the solution to stay on the leaves longer, improving absorption. Avoid spraying during heavy rain, and reapply if necessary.
Lastly, apply foliar fertilizer at critical growth stages. For example, wheat and rice benefit from foliar sprays in the late growth phase to enhance grain number and weight. Watermelon crops can also benefit from foliar sprays during fruiting to improve fruit set and reduce flower drop.
By following these practices, farmers can maximize the benefits of foliar fertilization while minimizing risks.
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