Cultivating *Pleurotus ostreatus* (oyster mushrooms) using corn cobs and bean curd residue as a growing medium is an effective and sustainable method. These by-products are rich in crude protein, fat, and essential amino acids, making them ideal for mushroom cultivation. With this technique, it's possible to produce 50–75 kg of fresh mushrooms per square meter, achieving a biological efficiency of 150% to 200%, which leads to significant economic returns. Below are the detailed steps for high-yield and efficient co-cultivation of oyster mushrooms with corn cobs and bean curd residue.
1. **Material Ratio**: Mix 100 kg of crushed corn cobs with 80 kg of wet bean curd residue and 6 kg of white ash. This combination provides the necessary nutrients and structure for optimal mycelium growth.
2. **Preparation of Spore Bags**: Dilute the wet bean curd residue and white ash with water, then mix thoroughly with the corn cobs until the moisture content reaches 65%. Use 50x25x0.05 cm low-pressure polyethylene bags to pack the mixture, compressing about 1.25 kg of dry material per bag. Secure both ends with string.
3. **Sterilization Process**: Sterilize the bags at normal pressure, reaching 100°C and maintaining it for 8–10 hours. After cooling, let the material cool to below 30°C before inoculation. The inoculation room should be sterilized twice—first by fumigating with a 1:3 solution of potassium permanganate and formaldehyde, then using a mist sterilization box for further disinfection.
4. **Strain Selection**: Suitable strains include Nanjing No. 1, Life No. 1, CCEF89, and Jiuping No. 1. These strains show strong mycelium growth, quick colonization, and high-quality yields. Third-grade strains are recommended for a 30–40 day cultivation cycle.
5. **Inoculation Method**: Inoculate the bags at both ends and create three holes in the middle. Cut the spawn into small peanut-sized pieces and use approximately 15% of the total material weight as inoculum. This method ensures rapid germination and reduces contamination risk.
6. **Mycelium Cultivation**: Place the inoculated bags in rows inside the culture room. Stack 5–7 layers high, with 50 cm between each row. Maintain a temperature around 15°C. If the temperature exceeds 25°C, ventilate immediately to cool down. After 10 days, turn the bags and exchange their positions. Full mycelium colonization usually takes about 30 days.
7. **Bacterial Contamination Control**: During the germination phase, if bacterial growth is detected, inject a solution of 95% alcohol, 5% formaldehyde, 20% lime water, or diesel into the affected areas. Ensure the liquid penetrates beyond the bacterial growth area. If the contamination is too severe, remove the affected bag from the room.
8. **Soil Covering and Fruiting Management**: Dig a 35 cm deep and 1-meter wide trench, line the bottom with insecticide and fungicide (e.g., 80% dichlorvos emulsion diluted 1000 times and 10% lime water). Remove the mycelium-filled bags from their plastic sleeves and place them vertically, spacing them 2 meters apart. Fill the gaps with moist soil and compact it. Prepare a nutrient solution containing urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, and lime. Cover the surface with soil and ensure the plastic film is not tightly sealed to allow air circulation.
9. **Mushroom Care**: Ventilate daily for one hour to encourage fruiting body formation. If the temperature exceeds 15°C, ventilate at night; if it drops below 10°C, ventilate during noon. Keep the relative humidity around 95% by spraying water into the air. Within 7–10 days after fruiting bodies form, the mushrooms will be ready for harvest.
10. **Harvesting**: Pick the mushrooms when the cap edges begin to curl like a copper cocoon. At this stage, the mushrooms are of high quality, large in size, and have a fast growth rate. After harvesting, clean the substrate and spray it for 3–5 days. Then, water it again to maintain moisture. About a week later, new buds will appear, allowing for multiple harvests. Typically, 4–6 batches can be harvested over a 4–6 month period, maximizing yield and profitability.
720P 1080P Baby Monitor,1080P Baby Monitor,720P Baby Monitor,Wireless Baby Monitor
Shenzhen Zuomi Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.bkvis.com