Dear Prof. Guo Yuyuan, everyone, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the China Plant Protection Association for giving me this opportunity to summarize the progress of our national biological control efforts over the past two or three years. It's an honor to have a platform to share the contributions made by my peers in recent years. Today, I'd like to talk about the developments in biological control for agricultural pests.
This topic is quite broad, and during the week, I reached out to various people hoping to gather some information. The main points I will discuss today are as follows:
First, I want to evaluate the overall level of our country’s biological control research. Second, I will discuss the current status and market for biological pesticides. Third, I will cover the development of new plant disease bio-defense strategies. Fourth, I will present the success of large-scale applications of insect predators. Lastly, I will make some recommendations for the future development of biological control in China.
In my view, the research level of our country in biological control is world-leading, with certain areas even leading globally. However, when it comes to practical application, we still lag behind countries like those in Northern Europe and North America. These nations have more advanced applied systems, which reflect their stronger capabilities and higher emphasis on food and agricultural safety.
In contrast, both the poorest and richest countries seem to be more open to using biological control. The wealthiest can afford more expensive bio-pesticides, while the poorest often rely on low-cost biological solutions due to limited access to chemical options. In China, as a developing country, many international pesticide companies dominate the market, focusing on cheap products that are widely used. This has somewhat hindered the growth of biological control.
Another challenge is the lack of efficient bio-control products in our country. While there are many species of biological pesticides, such as insect viruses and *Bacillus thuringiensis*, the market is still dominated by chemical alternatives. However, there are promising developments in other areas, such as fungal preparations and plant resistance-inducing agents.
For example, chitosan oligosaccharides produced by Dalian Physical and Chemical Research Institute have shown great potential. They can quickly enter plant cells, trigger defense mechanisms, and improve plant resilience. Similarly, proteins extracted from *Alternaria* have been found to enhance plant resistance against diseases through complex molecular pathways.
In terms of bacterial-based bio-pesticides, *Bacillus subtilis* and *Bacillus cereus* are among the most commonly used. Their environmental stability, long shelf life, and ability to produce antibacterial substances make them highly effective. Additionally, *Trichoderma* is gaining attention internationally, although Chinese products are still catching up in quality and consistency.
Fungal insecticides, such as *Metarhizium*, also show great potential. They can cause epidemics among pest populations and are less likely to lead to resistance. Field trials have demonstrated high efficacy, especially in controlling locusts and aphids.
Entomopathogenic nematodes and *Trichogramma* wasps are also being actively researched and applied. For instance, *Trichogramma* has been successfully used in corn fields in the Northeast, significantly reducing the need for chemical sprays.
I also want to mention a newly introduced natural enemy called *Puqi*, which shows remarkable effectiveness in controlling specific pests. Its unique mechanism involves paralyzing the host and then feeding on it, making it a valuable addition to our biological control arsenal.
Finally, I would like to suggest strengthening basic research, improving biotechnology for high-efficiency bio-pesticides, promoting collaboration between research institutions and enterprises, and raising public awareness about the importance of safe agricultural practices.
Thank you all for your attention.
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