Insect net coverage technology, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, nitrate pollution control techniques, yellow sticky trap methods, rain-shelter cultivation with disease prevention, internal moisture control within greenhouses, and the application of biological pesticides are all key strategies in modern, sustainable agriculture. These technologies not only enhance crop protection but also significantly reduce chemical usage, leading to safer and more environmentally friendly farming practices.
**1. Insect Net Coverage Technology**
By covering agricultural facilities with insect-proof nets, a closed and isolated environment is created, effectively preventing adult pests from entering and larvae from infesting crops. This method blocks the transmission routes of pests, resulting in a highly effective pest control system. Silver-gray insect nets also have the added benefit of repelling aphids. Experiments conducted from May to October showed that using 20-mesh silver-gray nets on small leafy vegetables resulted in an 83% protection rate after 14 days and 72% after 24 days. When no pests were found on the plants, the protection efficiency reached 100%. This technique also helps prevent virus diseases transmitted by insects, reducing the need for chemical sprays by up to seven times compared to conventional open-field farming, ensuring pollution-free production.
**2. Frequency-Vibration Insecticidal Lamp**
This method uses light to attract and kill pests based on their phototactic behavior. It targets over 40 species across seven insect orders, including Lepidoptera (69.8% of total catches), such as Spodoptera litura and cotton bollworms. From September to November, an average of 1,415 pests were trapped daily. Compared to traditional management, this lamp reduces pesticide use by two to three times. It has minimal impact on beneficial insects, maintaining a ratio of harmful to beneficial insects of ≤1:98.5. The energy consumption is low—only 0.5 kWh per night, which is just 9.4% of high-pressure mercury lamps. Additionally, it requires no water or chemicals, making it cost-effective and easy to maintain. With automatic light control, it turns on and off at set times, improving convenience.
**3. Nitrate Pollution Control Technology**
Controlling nitrogen fertilizer application is essential to prevent excessive nitrates in vegetables. Studies show that uncontrolled organic fertilizer use can lead to high nitrate levels. A balanced approach involves applying 1/3 of the nitrogen as base fertilizer and 2/3 of phosphorus and potassium. Using high-quality farmyard manure (3,000–5,000 kg per 667 square meters) and applying it in two stages significantly reduces nitrate content, especially in fast-growing leafy vegetables. Applying nitrogen fertilizer 15–20 days before harvest ensures better quality and safety.
**4. Yellow Board Trapping Technology**
Yellow boards are used to trap pests like aphids and armyworms. In greenhouse tomato and cucumber production, hanging 20–25 boards per mu (about 667 square meters) at 1.5–1.8 meters height reduces aphid density by 20–40%, cutting pesticide use by 5–8 times per crop cycle. Combined with insect nets, this method ensures pollution-free vegetable production, especially during summer when nets are fully covered and vents are sealed in colder seasons.
**5. Rain-Shelter Cultivation and Disease Prevention Technology**
In rainy and hot summers, disease outbreaks are common, leading to heavy pesticide use. Rain-shelter techniques, such as covering greenhouses with plastic films and shade nets, reduce disease incidence and pesticide use. Tomatoes grown under these conditions had 23 percentage points lower late blight and 31 percentage points lower virus disease compared to open fields. Medication frequency dropped by 66.7%, and fruit decay was reduced by 17.2 percentage points. Yield increased by 17.4% per 667 square meters, boosting revenue by 36.4%.
**6. Facility Moisture Control Technology**
Using mulch with 15–20 cm raised beds in solar greenhouses improves ground temperature and reduces air humidity, lowering disease incidence by 20–30%. Cucumber downy mildew was 30.2 percentage points less under this method compared to regular plastic covers. This leads to higher yields and better economic returns, increasing production by over 10%.
**7. Biological Pesticide Application Technology**
Biological pesticides, including microbial agents, agricultural antibiotics, plant-based extracts, and insect growth regulators, are effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. Over 20 types of these eco-friendly options have been tested and shown to control pests efficiently while protecting soil, water, and air from contamination. They support safe, pollution-free vegetable production, meeting growing consumer demand for healthier food.
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