To ensure the health and survival of piglets, it's essential to implement a comprehensive care strategy that covers proper housing, environmental control, nutrition, iron supplementation, early feeding, and timely weaning. Here’s an improved and expanded version of the original content:
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1. **Proper Housing and Fencing**
A well-designed farrowing area is crucial for the safety of both sows and piglets. It is recommended to install a sturdy nursery bar frame to separate the sow from the piglets, reducing the risk of accidental crushing. Additionally, setting up a dedicated nursery feeding area helps keep the piglets in a safe and controlled environment. For larger, less responsive sows or crossbred pigs, extra precautions should be taken, such as using double fencing or monitoring closely during birth.
2. **Environmental Control**
Maintaining a warm, dry, and clean environment significantly reduces piglet mortality and promotes faster growth. The temperature should gradually decrease as the piglets grow: 32–35°C for the first 7 days, 30–32°C between 8–14 days, and 28–30°C after 15 days. In colder conditions, use stoves or infrared lamps to maintain warmth. Bedding should be changed regularly to keep humidity at 60–70%, and a non-irritating disinfectant like bactericide or 100 toxins should be used weekly to maintain hygiene.
3. **Nutritional Support for Sows**
Before farrowing, sows should receive additional energy through animal fat or oil-based feed (200–250 grams per day) to improve milk quality and increase the piglets’ vitality. From one day before birth to five days postpartum, supplementing with 1 gram of vitamin C daily can boost piglet survival by 25–45% and increase weight gain by 10–20%. A similar effect can be achieved by injecting 1 ml of vitamin C intramuscularly in the first week.
4. **Iron Supplementation**
Suckling piglets require large amounts of iron due to their rapid growth. To prevent anemia, provide a solution of 2.5 grams of ferrous sulfate and 1 gram of copper sulfate dissolved in 1 liter of hot water. Administer 10 ml twice daily at 7, 10, and 15 days of age. Alternatively, inject 1 ml of Lactocin at 2 days old and 2 ml at 10 days old for effective iron support.
5. **Early Feeding Practices**
Introduce solid food to piglets at 5–7 days of age using fried corn, sorghum, beans, or high-quality starter feed. Provide clean drinking water, and use warm water in cold weather. A mixture of 2/3 suckling pig feed with 1/3 sugar and cold boiled water can encourage piglets to eat by making it taste sweet. Feed them three times a day—early, midday, and evening—and they will quickly learn to eat on their own.
6. **Timely Weaning**
Weaning should begin at 3–4 weeks of age. Five days before weaning, move the sow out of the pen and gradually reduce the number of feedings while increasing the amount of feed given to the piglets. This helps them transition smoothly from nursing to eating solid food. After weaning, keep the piglets in their original pen for about 10 days before moving them into new groups or pens.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve piglet survival rates, growth performance, and overall health. Each step plays a vital role in ensuring a strong start for the young pigs.
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