Piglets entering the conservation period require strict environmental conditions and proper feeding and management to ensure their survival and healthy development. To achieve this, four key areas should be carefully managed.
First, maintaining an optimal environment is crucial. During the lactation period, it's important to create stable conditions that help piglets adapt quickly. After weaning, keeping the piglets in the farrowing room for a few days while moving the sows out can ease the transition. After seven days, they are moved to the nursery. Piglets are highly sensitive to temperature changes, so the nursery must maintain a suitable climate: 25–27°C initially, gradually decreasing by 1–2°C each week. Humidity should be kept between 65% and 75%, and proper ventilation is essential to remove harmful gases like ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, which can harm piglet health.
Second, a well-balanced diet is vital during weaning. Weaning feed should include acidifiers, probiotics, and prebiotics to support digestion and prevent diarrhea. The feed transition should take about 10 days, with a gradual reduction of 10% in sow feed per day and an increase in weaning feed. In the early stages, feeding 5–6 times daily with small portions (about 78% full) helps avoid overfeeding. As they grow, the number of meals should decrease, leading to free-choice feeding. Water intake increases significantly after switching from milk to solid feed, so clean, fresh water must always be available. Waterers should be placed where piglets can easily access them, and if necessary, guidance should be provided to ensure they drink properly.
Third, managing stress is critical during the nursery phase. Piglets experience various stressors, such as group mixing, noise, and weather changes, which can weaken their immune system. To reduce stress, it’s best to keep original groups intact, allowing piglets to feel secure. If mixing is unavoidable, it should be done gradually without breaking up existing groups. The nursery should remain quiet and calm, avoiding sudden noises or disturbances. Routine should be established patiently, and piglets should not be handled roughly. Monitoring their behavior closely and intervening when fighting occurs is also important.
Lastly, disease prevention plays a major role in ensuring piglet health. Due to rapid growth and weakened immunity after weaning, piglets are more susceptible to infections. Key diseases to prevent include swine fever, blue ear disease, pseudorabies, atrophic rhinitis, paratyphoid, and streptococcus. Vaccination based on local disease prevalence is essential. Before and after transferring piglets to the finishing house, adding 400 grams of Fluconazole King and 500 grams of astragalus polysaccharide powder or Radix Isatidis powder per ton of feed for 10 days can help prevent illness. Alternatively, 1 kg of Licorcin and 200 grams of amoxicillin per ton of feed for 10 days is also effective. At the end of the conservation period, regular pest control should be carried out, and any piglet showing signs of poor health should be monitored closely.
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