**Pigeon Breeding and Management**
1. **Feeding and Management**
(1) **Breeding Pigeon Production**: Breeding pigeons are naturally resistant to diseases and rarely fall ill. Along with providing sufficient food, clean water, and health sand, the key is to focus on proper management during the hatching and brooding phases. A pair of breeding pigeons typically lays two eggs, one day apart, with a total cycle of about 40 days. If you only allow them to lay eggs without incubation, they can produce up to six eggs per month (three times). Newly laid eggs should be collected and left for around five days before being re-placed in the nest. After about 13 days, the eggs should be checked again to prevent any dead embryos from developing. Any weak or non-viable eggs should be removed, and the remaining ones should be hatched promptly.
(2) **Routine Care of Pigeons**: Once the young pigeons hatch, both parents take turns feeding them. By the seventh day, they begin to eat whole pellets. To improve survival rates and help them gain weight quickly, careful attention must be given to their health. If one chick is larger than the other, it may indicate digestive issues. Small chicks can be given three soybean-sized health sand particles and half a yeast tablet. For those with diarrhea, a small amount of soil, along with a probiotic supplement, can be provided. Maintaining a clean and well-ventilated loft is crucial to prevent colds and ensure healthy growth.
(3) **Feeding Young Birds**: Before pairing, young birds should be fed twice daily, with each meal consumed within 30 minutes. Overfeeding can lead to waste and obesity. During this moulting period, breeders need extra nutrition, including more protein and vitamins. It's also important to deworm young pigeons before they start breeding to ensure successful reproduction.
2. **Health Sand Formula**
Health sand helps supplement nutrients and trace elements that pigeons cannot absorb from regular feed, aiding digestion. A recommended formula includes: 25% medium sand, 20% shell pieces (under 0.8 cm), 5% plaster, 3% salt, 5% lime, 5% charcoal, 7% trace element additives, 15% bone meal (roasted), 10% loess, 1% gentian, 1% licorice, 1% egg essence, 1% feather powder, 0.5% multivitamin, and 0.5% red iron oxide. This blend supports overall health and digestion.
3. **Disease Prevention and Treatment**
Although meat pigeons are generally disease-resistant, certain environmental changes can make them vulnerable to two common illnesses:
(1) **Paratyphoid Fever**: Prevention involves administering 800,000 units of injectable green and streptomycin mixed into 15 kg of drinking water for three days when weather or environment changes. For treatment, mix 0.3% tetracycline antibiotics and chloramphenicol (preferably chlortetracycline) into the feed for 5–7 days. Alternatively, use 0.3% sulfamethazine with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate for three days. Furan drugs can also be effective but must be used carefully due to potential toxicity.
(2) **Paramyxovirus**: Vaccinate annually with two doses of paramyxovirus vaccine. The first dose can be administered using a chicken Newcastle disease attenuated vaccine via drinking water, while the second is an oil emulsion inactivated vaccine injected at 1 ml per pigeon. If available, a pigeon-specific vaccine is more effective. In case of an outbreak, isolate affected birds, bury dead pigeons deeply, and disinfect daily to eliminate the source of infection.
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