Ducks are an excellent choice for small-scale farming due to their low investment, short production cycle, quick returns, and high efficiency. Jinyun County in Zhejiang Province is famously known as the "Hometown of Ducks," with a long history of duck breeding spanning over 300 years. To ensure consistent and high-quality duck production, it's essential to focus on several key factors.
First, selecting quality ducklings is crucial. As the saying goes, “Good seedlings mean good results.†High-producing ducks should have a slender head and neck, a long back, a deep chest and abdomen, wide hips, broad pelvic bones, full feathers, and strong wings that are tightly attached without being overly fat or sluggish. Overly fat ducks typically lay fewer eggs. The Shao Shao Duck, a well-known egg-laying breed in China, is highly valued for its small size, early maturity, multiple egg production, low feed consumption, strong disease resistance, and adaptability. Under normal conditions, they can lay between 260 to 300 eggs per year, with high-yield groups reaching over 300 eggs annually.
Second, temperature control plays a significant role in duck productivity. The ideal temperature for raising ducks is between 15°C and 18°C. If the temperature drops below 5°C or rises above 32°C, egg production can be significantly affected. During winter or early spring, it's important to keep the duck house warm and dry, while in summer, proper ventilation and cooling are necessary to maintain a comfortable environment. Regular cleaning and disinfection are also vital to prevent diseases.
Third, lighting is essential for maintaining high egg production. Ducks need approximately 16-18 hours of light per day, both during the day and night. In early autumn, gradually increase the light by 2-3 hours each morning and evening. Before and after the winter solstice, extend the light by 4-6 hours in the morning and evening. For a 40-square-meter duck house, three 15-watt incandescent bulbs are sufficient. In case of power outages, backup lighting must be used to avoid a sharp decline in egg production.
Fourth, providing balanced and nutritious feed is critical for high-yielding ducks. During the laying period, the feed should contain 11.5–11.7 MJ of digestible energy, 18–19% protein, 0.8–0.9% lysine, 0.7–0.8% methionine, 0.3–3.5% calcium, and 0.4–0.5% phosphorus. In addition, fresh green vegetables rich in vitamins should be provided to support overall health and egg quality.
Finally, proper grouping helps manage the flock more efficiently. High-yield ducklings should be grouped in smaller numbers, ideally 200–250 birds per group. When breeding ducks, it's recommended to have one male for every 15 females. The stocking density should be around 6–8 ducks per square meter, with slightly higher densities in winter and lower in summer to ensure better growth and higher fertility rates.
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