(1) Leaf Spot Disease (Cercospora cladosporioides Sacc.): In the planting areas of Shaanxi, early defoliation was observed, which negatively affected plant growth. Initially, the lesions appeared yellow, later turning brown, and were distributed irregularly across the leaves.
(b) Black Spot (Macrophoma dalmatica (Thum.) Bed. et Vog.): This disease is prevalent in Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Shaanxi provinces. It causes significant fruit drop and leads to severe drying of infected branches. The pathogen survives the winter in old diseased tissues, and high humidity and rainfall during spring promote its spread. To manage this, it is recommended to prune infected branches during winter and spring, and to remove any diseased leaves and fruits promptly.
(c) Brown Spot Disease (Alternaria elephophila Mont.): This disease has been reported in all planting areas of Shaanxi, causing both leaf fall and fruit drop. The pathogen overwinters in the form of mycelia, and new infections typically occur in spring. High humidity levels favor the expansion of the disease.
To prevent and control these leaf spot diseases, proper field management is essential. Regular pruning of infected parts during winter and spring, along with the timely removal of diseased leaves and fruits, can significantly reduce the spread. Applying a 1% Bordeaux mixture or a 40% wettable carbendazim solution diluted to 1000 times, or a 50% tetromycin solution at 800 times dilution, can be effective. Additionally, spraying a 0.4% zein solution has shown good results in controlling the disease. It's important to maintain good air circulation and avoid excessive moisture to further prevent outbreaks.
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