Cows rely heavily on microbial fermentation in the rumen to digest their feed, and these microbes require a stable and balanced environment to function effectively. Feeding practices that disrupt this balance—such as feeding quail or other unsuitable materials—can negatively impact ruminal health and digestion. To ensure optimal performance, it's best to use a variety of feeds and manage them carefully.
The recommended daily feeding amounts are as follows:
1. Silage should be provided at 20–25 kg per day. For better digestion, it's ideal to pair silage with high-quality hay or fresh green grass.
2. Cows should receive at least 4 kg of hay daily. In regions where hay is scarce, it’s important to make use of the grass season by drying and storing hay properly.
3. Root vegetables like carrots and squash have high moisture content and should be limited to 3–5 kg per cow per day.
4. Fresh grass intake should not exceed 12 kg per cow per day to avoid overloading the digestive system.
5. The inclusion of oilseed cakes such as rapeseed meal or cottonseed meal should not exceed 10% of the total diet.
6. By-products like brewer’s grains, corn stalks, tofu residue, and apple pomace can be fed at about 10 kg per cow per day.
7. Concentrate feed should be given at a rate of 1 kg for every 2.5–3 kg of milk produced. While higher milk production may require more concentrate, it's important to note that the daily limit should not exceed 12 kg. When large quantities of concentrate are used, increasing the number of feedings helps prevent rapid drops in rumen pH, which can lead to acidosis in dairy cows.
By following these guidelines, farmers can maintain a healthy and efficient feeding regimen that supports both the well-being of the cows and their productivity.
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