Artificially cultivated bezoar

Artificially cultivated bezoar is produced through a surgical process in which specially designed foreign bodies and specific bacterial preparations are introduced into the bovine bile system. Under the combined influence of these foreign materials and bacteria, bezoar forms within the gallbladder. The quality and medicinal effects of this artificially cultivated bezoar are identical to that of natural bezoar. This technique does not harm the cattle's health, reproduction, or ability to be slaughtered, but it significantly increases economic returns, making it a viable path to wealth. (1) When selecting cows for bezoar cultivation, there are no strict restrictions on breed or gender. Even animals that have lost their reproductive capacity can be used. For optimal yield and quality, it is best to choose healthy cattle between 4 and 10 years old. Before surgery, feeding and drinking should be stopped 12 hours in advance. A thorough check of the cow’s pulse, breathing, and activity is necessary. If the animal is sick or pregnant, the procedure should be postponed. (2) The surgical site is located on the lower right side of the liver. To locate it, draw a straight line from the bull's shoulder one-third of the way down until it meets the second and third ribs. In bulls, the gallbladder lies between the 10th and 11th ribs, while in cows, it is typically found between the 9th and 10th ribs. (3) Prior to surgery, the area around the incision must be thoroughly disinfected. First, shave the hair, then clean with soapy water or a similar solution and dry it. Apply 5% iodine twice, followed by 70% alcohol to remove the iodine. Allow the area to dry completely before covering it with sterile gauze and a plastic sheet. (4) The cow is restrained and placed on its left side. A 8–12 cm incision is made along the intercostal space between two ribs at the surgical site. Muscles are carefully separated, and once the peritoneum is exposed, a 3 cm hole is cut. The gallbladder is gently pulled out, and small blood vessels near the top of the gallbladder wall are carefully cut to allow about half of the bile to drain. A sterilized foreign body (such as a pumice stone or a plastic object wrapped in kasugam cloth) is then inserted, followed by an injection of 2 ml of *E. coli* using a syringe. The gallbladder is sutured using a gastrointestinal technique, and the area is cleaned with 1% benzalkonium chloride. The gallbladder is then returned to the abdominal cavity, and the muscles and skin are closed with continuous sutures and a spaced knot method, respectively. The entire procedure usually takes 25–30 minutes. (5) Post-surgery, the cow should be kept in a clean, quiet environment for 7–10 days to prevent infection. During the next two weeks, provide high-protein feed, fresh leaves, and young potato shoots to aid recovery and promote healing. (6) Bezoar collection occurs when the cow shows signs of yellowing. At this stage, the gallbladder is opened, and the implanted foreign body is examined. A thick yellow layer adhering to the foreign material indicates the formation of bezoar. At the same time, a second foreign body can be inserted to continue the cultivation process. Healthy cows can undergo this process 2–3 times. After removal, the bezoar is dried using absorbent paper, cleaned of mucus, blood, bile, and dirt, and then air-dried. Once dry, the outer yellow layer is scraped off, leaving the finished product ready for storage or use in traditional medicine.

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