Bacillary dysentery residue, often referred to as the leftover material from mushroom cultivation, is a valuable byproduct that can be repurposed for various agricultural and industrial uses. This material is rich in mycelia, proteins, and other essential nutrients, making it an excellent source of what is sometimes called "bacteriophage protein." In China, the annual production of this residue is estimated to be around 8 to 10 million tons, primarily derived from materials like cottonseed hulls, sawdust, rice straw, corn cobs, bagasse, and other agricultural byproducts.
These substrates undergo microbial fermentation, during which they are partially broken down into more digestible components. The process increases the levels of crude protein and crude fat while reducing the content of cellulose and lignin. For instance, after fermentation, crude cellulose may decrease by up to 50%, and lignin by about 30%. Additionally, the residue contains a variety of amino acids, fungi, and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, and manganese, all of which contribute to its nutritional value.
Once properly processed, bacillary dysentery residue can serve as animal feed or bait, helping to reduce feed costs when used in livestock farming. It can be fed to pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, rabbits, squirrels, deer, and even fish, replacing some of the traditional feed ingredients. This not only lowers production costs but also improves the efficiency of resource utilization in agriculture.
Comparing the nutritional content before and after mushroom cultivation shows significant improvements. For example, the crude protein in oyster mushrooms and anchovy mushrooms increased from 5.65% to 7.9%, while crude fiber dropped from 51.45% to 9.32%. Crude fat slightly increased, and total hydrazine rose from 19.8% to 25.2%. When cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus on cottonseed hulls, the crude protein in the resulting fungal material increased by 9.30%, nitrogen-free extracts by 9.74%, and calcium by 159.26%, with a reduction in crude fiber by 17.37%.
The nutrient profile of the bacterial residue is impressive. It contains 8.76% crude protein, 0.62% crude fat, 30% crude fiber, and 7.93% ash. Per kilogram, it provides 10.86 grams of calcium, 3.6 grams of phosphorus, 4.04 grams of potassium, 8.7 grams of sodium, 0.0049 grams of copper, 1.58 grams of magnesium, 0.69 grams of iron, 0.06 grams of zinc, and 0.0774 grams of manganese. These values make it a highly nutritious feed supplement.
To produce feed from this residue, the raw material should be carefully selected. Only healthy white mycelium should be used, avoiding any moldy or rotten parts. The mixture typically includes the residue, a 2:1 ratio of golden babe 2 feed starter (diluted with rice bran), along with corn flour, soybean meal, and wheat bran. After mixing, the material is sealed and fermented for 2–3 days, resulting in a high-quality feed product.
Using bacillary dysentery residue as pig feed has shown remarkable cost savings. For every kilogram of weight gain, the feeding cost can be reduced by 35%, with an average saving of 75 kg of feed per pig and a cost reduction of 50 yuan. This makes it a highly economical option for farmers.
In addition to being used as feed, the residue can also be transformed into organic fertilizer. By fermenting it with 2% golden gymnosium nutrient soil (diluted with rice bran for easier mixing), the result is a nutrient-rich compost. This fertilizer has higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than traditional rice straw or fresh manure. When applied to the soil, it helps form humus with good aeration and water retention properties, significantly improving soil quality and fertility.
Moreover, the mycelia of edible fungi release certain stimulants and enzymes during their growth, which help break down complex organic matter into plant-absorbable nutrients. This can enhance soil structure, improve fruit quality in orchards, increase crop yields, and boost income. When used in vegetable farming, it enhances drought resistance and promotes strong, healthy growth with improved appearance. In flower cultivation, it acts as a base fertilizer, improving soil structure, air permeability, and moisture retention, leading to vibrant, colorful blooms.
This application is not only environmentally friendly but also extremely cost-effective. However, it's important to avoid mixing it with phosphate fertilizers due to the presence of free calcium ions in the residue. For more information, you can visit the official website or contact the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences at the following address: No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081. You can also call the hotline at 85947556.
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