First, when selecting corn varieties, high yield potential should be the primary consideration. Experts estimate that the choice of variety contributes between 20% to 30% to the overall yield of summer corn. This makes it one of the most critical factors in ensuring a successful harvest.
Second, zero-risk varieties are those that show no major defects during growth, such as lodging, empty stalks, barren ears, late maturity, or severe smut infection. While high yield is important, it's equally essential to choose varieties with broad adaptability and strong overall performance to ensure stable and safe production.
Third, it's wise to conduct a trial planting in the first year before scaling up. Different regions have different growing conditions, and each company may offer slightly different varieties. By testing a new variety on a small scale first, farmers can assess its performance before committing to large-scale planting.
Fourth, choosing mainstream varieties is a safer option. These are the varieties widely used across large areas and have proven their reliability. In China, popular corn varieties covering over 2 million hectares annually include Zhongdan No. 2, Danyu No. 13, Dandan No. 13, Nongda 108, and Zhengdan 958.
Fifth, understanding the supporting technologies is crucial. Some varieties are compact types, while others are large-ear types. For example, C. sinensis 20 is a compact variety with full grains, no baldness, and good resistance to rain, sun, and smut. However, it requires a planting density of 3,800 plants per mu, and only under proper fertilizer and water conditions can it achieve high yields and stable output.
Sixth, hybrid breeding is the best approach. Hybrid corn, created by crossing two inbred lines, offers the highest yield potential worldwide. Compared to open-pollinated varieties or other crosses like three-way or double-cross hybrids, hybrids consistently outperform in terms of yield and stability.
Seventh, large ear varieties do not necessarily guarantee high yields. Yield depends on both the number of plants and the weight of each plant. A compact variety with uniform ears and no empty stalks can produce high yields when planted densely at around 4,000 plants per mu. On the other hand, large-ear varieties are more prone to lodging and empty stalks. If planted too sparsely, they may fail to produce enough ears, leading to lower yields. In the U.S., for instance, despite no significant increase in individual plant yield over the past 70 years, total corn production has risen due to improved plant density and variety tightness.
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