When selecting corn varieties, high yield should be the primary consideration. Experts suggest that the choice of variety contributes 20% to 30% to the overall yield of summer corn. This makes it one of the most critical factors in ensuring a successful harvest.
Another important aspect is choosing varieties with minimal risks. These should not exhibit issues such as lodging, empty stalks, bare ears, late maturity, or severe diseases like smut. While aiming for high yields, it's equally essential to prioritize adaptability and overall performance, ensuring stable production and long-term safety.
Before committing to large-scale planting, it’s wise to test new varieties on a small scale first. Different regions, cultivation methods, and seed companies often have distinct corn varieties. By trialing them in the first year, you can assess their suitability before expanding in the following season.
Opting for mainstream varieties is another smart strategy. These are widely used and planted over large areas, making them more reliable. In China, major varieties covering over 2 million hectares annually include Zhongdan No. 2, Danyu No. 13, Dandan No. 13, Nongda 108, and Zhengdan 958.
Understanding the supporting technologies is also crucial. Some varieties are compact, while others are large-ear types. For example, C. sinensis 20 is a compact variety known for its full grains, resistance to disease, and strong performance under proper conditions. However, it requires a planting density of around 3,800 plants per mu to achieve optimal yield.
Hybrid corn, produced by crossing two inbred lines, is the highest-yielding type globally. Hybrids outperform open-pollinated varieties and other crossbreeds in terms of yield and stability.
Lastly, it's important to note that large ears alone do not guarantee high yields. Yield depends on both plant density and individual plant weight. Compact varieties, with uniform ears and no empty stalks, perform best when densely planted. In contrast, large-ear varieties may be prone to lodging and poor grain fill if not managed properly. In the U.S., where corn production is highly advanced, yield per plant has remained relatively stable over the past 70 years, with total output increasing mainly through improved plant density and hybrid development.
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