Microecological preparations play a crucial role in maintaining and restoring the intestinal microecological balance in animals. These preparations help enhance nutrient absorption, boost the immune system, and improve overall health. Additionally, they contribute to water purification by maintaining a balanced aquatic environment, thus preventing diseases. Compared to traditional antibiotics, they offer advantages such as fewer side effects, no residual impact, and environmental friendliness. When combined with antibiotics, they provide targeted treatment with rapid results. This approach has shown promising outcomes in the breeding of *Penaeus vannamei* broodstock.
In this study, two types of probiotics were used: "Gushing Hair Dew" and "Yi Water," both produced by Bozhou State Matter Technology Institute. The medicinal treatments included a pure Chinese herbal preparation from Shengzhou Wangsheng Institute of Materials Technology, along with streptomycin and oxytetracycline from North China Pharmaceutical Factory. The broodstock used were local *Penaeus vannamei* from Zhanjiang, raised in the East Island Ginseng Shrimp Plant. The culture water was natural seawater from the eastern island of Zhanjiang, and the feed consisted of locally caught wenyu and oysters.
During the first batch of broodstock holding, which began on November 10, 2006, the shrimp were fed twice daily at 5% of their body weight. However, after 10 days, a significant decline in feeding activity was observed, along with symptoms such as floating, redness, leg discoloration, bloating, and white spots. Mortality reached up to 10-15%. To address this, two treatment methods were tested:
1. A comprehensive treatment combining Chinese medicine, antibiotics, and probiotics:
- Discharge water to 30 cm and treat the broodstock with 10 ppm Chinese medicine and 2 ppm streptomycin for 30 minutes.
- Increase water level to 1.5 m and repeat the treatment every 2 days.
- Mix 4% Chinese medicine, 0.5% streptomycin, 2% vitamin C, and 0.5% biological attractant into the feed, then apply it using seaweed powder.
- Maintain a probiotic concentration of 5 ppm in the water daily.
After three days, feeding improved, and mortality dropped to 2%. By day seven, conditions normalized. Probiotics and feed were reduced and continued until the end of the rearing period.
2. Antibiotic-only treatment:
- Broodstock were treated with 2 ppm streptomycin or oxytetracycline for 7 days, but mortality remained at 11%, showing little improvement.
For the second batch, strict hygiene measures were taken before stocking. Ponds were disinfected with bleach and potassium permanganate, and seawater was treated with oxytetracycline before introducing the broodstock. Probiotics were added at 3 ppm. Daily water changes and feeding schedules were maintained, with regular medicinal baths and feed supplements. A control group was also set up, but they showed similar disease symptoms later on.
After 20 days, the second batch remained healthy, while the control group experienced disease outbreaks. On February 5, 2007, the broodstock were transported to Tangshan, where they were strong, with an average size of 24 kg and a 100% survival rate.
The results demonstrated that the combination of microecological agents, traditional Chinese medicine, and antibiotics significantly improved disease resistance and survival rates. Microecological preparations helped regulate water quality by degrading harmful substances and balancing gut flora, thereby enhancing immunity. Traditional Chinese medicine not only worked synergistically with antibiotics but also reduced their toxic side effects. Overall, this integrated approach proved effective and environmentally sustainable, making it a valuable method for shrimp aquaculture.
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