First, sun exposure. Sowing seeds can enhance their germination potential. Before soaking, choose a sunny day and spread the seeds evenly on a concrete floor to a thickness of 3-4 cm. Gently turn the seeds to ensure even exposure to sunlight. This process usually takes 1–2 days. Be careful not to damage the seed coat while turning. If the temperature is high, increase the frequency of turning.
Second, selection. Seed selection helps remove impurities, damaged grains, and underdeveloped seeds, ensuring uniform fullness and more consistent seedling growth. Two common methods are using clear water or saltwater. The key in brine selection is achieving the right salinity, with a specific gravity between 1.10 and 1.13. To prepare this solution, mix 100 kg of fresh water with 20–25 kg of salt. After dissolving, test the solution by placing a fresh egg inside; it should float with about the size of a 5-cent coin visible above the surface.
Third, seed soaking. Soaking seeds in pesticide helps eliminate bacteria that may be carried by the seeds. Common diseases transmitted through rice seeds include bakanae, blast, smut, bacterial blight, and leaf stripe disease caused by Laodelphax striatellus. Common soaking agents include "Bacterial Insect Clear" and "Imidacloprid." When using these, first mix 1.5–2 packs (20g) of Bacterial Insect Clear with 10g of 10% Imidacloprid, then add a little water to make a paste before diluting with 8 liters of water. Next, soak 5–6 kg of dry rice in the mixture, turning it several times. Cover the container and store it in a cool, dark place. For large quantities, adjust the solution accordingly. The soaking time depends on the average daily temperature: 60 hours at 18–20°C and 48 hours at 23–25°C. Soaking should continue until the seeds absorb enough moisture, indicated by a transparent husk, a white belly, and ease of breaking without sound. Typically, this takes 2–3 days. No washing is needed after soaking, as they can be directly germinated.
Fourth, germination. Germination involves creating optimal conditions—moisture, air, and temperature—to promote uniform and rapid sprouting. Germinated seeds emerge faster and grow more uniformly than non-germinated ones, often 3 days earlier, with a 5–10% increase in seedling density. Regardless of the method used, germination is essential before sowing. After thorough disinfection and proper soaking, rice seeds can be germinated.
The main goal of germination is to achieve "fast, even, uniform, and strong" sprouts. "Fast" means sprouting within 2 days, with the chest break occurring in 24 hours, and germination taking around 12 hours. "Even" means over 90% of the seeds meet the standard. "Uniform" refers to consistent root and shoot development. "Strong" means thick shoots, well-proportioned roots, bright white color, and no off-odors.
The basic technique for germination includes "high-temperature chest breaking, moist priming, and low-temperature drying of buds." First, high-temperature chest breaking: After sufficient hydration, the seeds need warmth to break the husk quickly. Use warm water around 50°C (not too hot), soak for 5–10 minutes, then wrap the seeds in wet sacks and cover with straw for insulation. Avoid plastic bags, as they restrict airflow and may cause oxygen deprivation, leading to alcohol buildup and seed death. Maintain a temperature of around 35°C, and turn the seeds occasionally to ensure even heating. This process usually takes 12–24 hours.
Next, moist priming: Once the white bud appears, lower the temperature to below 28°C. Keep it at 25–28°C, with 80% humidity. After about 12 hours, the buds will be ready for planting. When the buds are long and grainy, they are suitable for sowing. For transplanting, the germination standard should be at least 2 mm.
Finally, low-temperature drying: After the buds have developed, expose them to air to strengthen their resilience and adaptability. Dry them naturally at room temperature for one day before planting.
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