Ducks exhibit distinct feeding patterns throughout the day and night. Under natural light conditions, they typically feed three times a night: in the early morning, midday, and evening. To optimize their growth, it's essential to focus on early feeding when ducks have the strongest appetite. This helps them gain weight more efficiently. Additionally, grazing should be scheduled during their peak feeding times—early, mid, and late. At other times, ducks should be allowed to rest or swim, as this promotes overall health and reduces stress.
Egg production in laying ducks follows a specific daily rhythm. Most eggs are laid between midnight and dawn, with little to no egg-laying during the day. To support this pattern, lights should be turned off by 10 PM to create a calm environment for egg-laying between 1 AM and 4 AM. If ducks begin laying eggs at 5 PM and the number is low, it may indicate that their diet lacks sufficient nutrients. In such cases, increasing the concentrate in their feed according to standard guidelines can help improve productivity. If ducks lay eggs during the day, it often signals issues like poor nutrition, early grazing, or uncomfortable environmental conditions. Adjustments in feeding schedules and management practices, such as delaying grazing until 8 AM, can resolve these problems.
Breeder ducks usually mate in the morning or evening. During these times, they are more active and likely to engage in mating behavior. To enhance fertility, it's recommended to guide them into deeper waters during these peak periods, which can increase the chances of successful breeding.
Disease outbreaks in ducks often occur due to stress from transportation. Symptoms typically appear in the afternoon, around 5 to 7 PM, when ducks become restless and crowd together, sometimes leading to trampling and death. Mortality rates can range from 17% to 24%. To prevent this, it’s crucial to minimize stress during transport and provide anti-stress supplements in their feed 1–2 hours before each day for a few days after arrival.
Poultry immune responses also vary with the time of day. Studies show that their sensitivity to vaccines and other immunological agents is higher at night, especially just before midnight, when epinephrine levels are highest. This makes the early morning an ideal time for vaccination. There are two main benefits: first, poultry are calmer and easier to handle at night, reducing stress; second, administering vaccines in the early morning allows for a stronger and quicker immune response. Proper timing of vaccinations can significantly improve disease resistance in duck flocks.
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