After rape enters the bud stage, it becomes crucial to implement enhanced management practices. This phase is a critical period when the plant develops strong roots, sturdy stems, and multiple branches, which lays the foundation for higher yields in terms of pods and grain weight. It is also the time when the crop absorbs most of its nitrogen and potassium. Ensuring an adequate supply of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium significantly affects the number of effective branches per plant and pod formation.
In Hubei, the rape budding period typically runs from late January to early March, lasting about 30 days. During this time, temperatures gradually rise, daylight increases, and rainfall becomes more frequent, creating favorable conditions for growth. However, temperature fluctuations, cold spells, and thunderstorms can still occur, leading to frost damage or weakened root systems. High humidity can also promote disease outbreaks, affecting overall yield.
The main focus during this stage should be on stabilizing the spring growth of rapeseed, balancing nutrient uptake with reproductive development, and managing the competition between individual plants and the overall population. The goal is to encourage more branches, more pods, and better grain production while minimizing the impact of pests and diseases.
To achieve this, several key technical measures should be prioritized:
First, apply fertilizer early. The timing of manure application depends on seedling health, soil condition, and weather. A strategy of early development, long-term stability, and balanced nutrition should be followed. Given the increased humidity and rainfall in recent years, some fields may not require additional fertilizer, especially if the seedlings are weak. In such cases, applying around 5 kg of pure nitrogen per acre—approximately 10 to 25 kg of urea—can help improve growth.
Second, supplement with boron fertilizer. Rape is highly sensitive to boron deficiency, which can lead to poor flowering. Applying boron to deficient soils helps promote strong early growth, enhance stem elongation, and increase yield and oil content later. According to research, applying boron during the bud and early flowering stages is most effective. For example, spraying a solution containing 0.1 kg of borax, 0.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.2 kg of urea mixed in 50 kg of water can be beneficial. This can be done once or twice depending on field conditions.
Third, manage water drainage. After spring, heavy rainfall can cause waterlogging, reducing soil aeration and hindering root development. This can lead to root rot and poor nutrient absorption. To prevent this, ensure that the "three ditches" (side ditch, middle ditch, and main ditch) are cleaned regularly after winter to maintain proper drainage. This will help avoid water accumulation and reduce the risk of disease and lodging.
Fourth, perform timely weeding. As temperatures rise and rainfall increases, weeds grow rapidly, and the soil becomes compacted. Cultivating the fields during early spring helps loosen the soil, improve temperature, and promote root growth. It also helps cut and bury weed seeds, reducing the occurrence of diseases like sclerotinia.
Fifth, strengthen disease and pest control. Common issues during this stage include downy mildew, viral infections, aphids, and leaf miners. Prevention and control should begin during the early flowering period. Treatments such as 40% mancozeb, 40% sclerotinia net, or thiophanate-methyl can be applied. Spraying 100 g of 40% mancozeb in 50 kg of water on the lower leaves and ground cover 1–2 times during the initial flowering stage can be effective. Similarly, using 40% sclerotinia net at the same rate during the first week of flowering and adjusting the mixture during mid to late flowering can help protect the crop.
Spraying is best done between 10 am and 4 pm, and if it rains, the application should be repeated. These practices ensure that the rape crop remains healthy, disease-resistant, and productive throughout the growing season.
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