After the ban of five highly toxic pesticides, including methamidophos, experts have recommended 17 alternative pesticides—such as fipronil—that have undergone indoor screening, field trials, and large-scale demonstrations. These alternatives can be categorized based on the type of crop they are used for, including rice, wheat, cotton, and vegetables. Here is a detailed guide on their application:
**Rice Pest Control Alternatives**
1. **Control of Rice Stem Borer:**
- (1) **Fipronil**: Recommended dosage is 1.5–2.5 g active ingredient per mu. Apply during the egg-hatching period, and maintain either a water layer or a dry layer in the field. Fipronil is highly toxic to bees, aquatic organisms, and shrimp/crabs, so it should not be used in beekeeping areas or aquaculture zones. After use, avoid draining rice fields into fish ponds or rivers.
- (2) **Fipronil + Trichlorfon (1:49)**: Dosage is 50 g active ingredient per mu. Apply during the egg-hatching period with a water layer. Avoid use in shrimp and crab farming areas.
- (3) **Triazophos**: Dosage is 30–40 g active ingredient per mu. Apply during the egg-hatching stage. Due to its long residual effect, it may stimulate the growth of brown planthoppers, so it should be applied before the heading stage of rice. Not recommended in areas where Scarabae has high resistance.
2. **Rice Stem Borer Control:**
- **Chlorpyrifos**: Dosage is 40–50 g active ingredient per mu. Apply during the hatching of Sanhua larvae.
3. **Rice Leaf Roller Control:**
- **Avermectin**: Dosage is 0.72–0.9 g active ingredient per mu. Spray before the second instar of the leaf roller, preferably during the egg-hatching period.
4. **Brown Planthopper Control:**
- **Buprofezin**: Dosage is 7.5–12.5 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the initial stage of the brown planthopper, with a water layer if possible.
5. **White-backed Planthopper Control:**
- (1) **Buprofezin**: Same dosage and application method as above.
- (2) **Imidacloprid**: Dosage is 1–2 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the initial stage of the planthopper.
**Wheat Pest Control Alternatives**
- **Wheat Aphid Control:**
- (1) **Acetamiprid**: Dosage is 0.6–0.9 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the early stage of aphids in the wheat ear stage.
- (2) **Thiamethoxam**: Dosage is 5.0–7.5 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the beginning of the seedling or ear blast stage.
- (3) **Cyhalothrin**: Dosage is 0.5–0.6 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the seedling stage. Note that chrysanthemum-based insecticides can harm natural enemies, so they should not be used at the ear stage.
**Cotton Pest Control Alternatives**
1. **Cotton Aphid Control:**
- (1) **Imidacloprid**: Dosage is 1–2 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the initial stage of aphids, every 10 days.
- (2) **Acetamiprid**: Dosage is 0.45–0.6 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method as above.
- (3) **Carbofuran**: Dosage is 6–9 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the initial stage of aphids.
2. **Cotton Red Spider Control:**
- (1) **Anthracene**: Dosage is 2.25–3 g active ingredient per mu. Spray directly on spider mites.
- (2) **Abamectin**: Dosage is 0.27–0.36 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
3. **Cotton Bollworm Control:**
- (1) **Insecticide (e.g., Emamectin)**: Dosage is 40 ppm. Apply during the egg-hatching stage of Helicoverpa armigera.
- (2) **Emamectin**: Dosage is 0.4–0.6 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
**Vegetable Pest Control Alternatives**
1. **Vegetable Worm Control:**
- (1) **Imidacloprid**: Dosage is 1.0–2.0 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the start of the locust period.
- (2) **Acetamiprid**: Dosage is 0.45–0.6 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
2. **Tobacco Pest Control:**
- (1) **Imidacloprid**: Dosage is 2.0 g active ingredient per mu. Apply at the onset of tobacco powdery mildew.
- (2) **Bifenthrin**: Dosage is 0.75 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
3. **Spodoptera exigua Control:**
- (1) **Bromonitrile**: Dosage is 5.0 g active ingredient per mu. Apply before the second instar.
- (2) **Fenpropathrin**: Dosage is 6.0 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
4. **Diamondback Moth Control:**
- (1) **Methyl parathion**: Dosage is 0.15–0.25 g active ingredient per mu. Apply before the second instar.
- (2) **Fipronil**: Dosage is 1.0–2.0 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
- (3) **Bromonitrile**: Dosage is 3.35–5.0 g active ingredient per mu. Same application method.
These alternatives provide effective control options while reducing the risks associated with highly toxic pesticides. Always follow local guidelines and safety protocols when applying these chemicals.
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