(A) of the breeding characteristics of nutria The coypu is also a double-horned uterus, reproductive power is relatively high, is a multiple breeding animal, has the following reproductive characteristics.
Sexual maturity
At the age of 4 to 5 months and 0.8 to 2.2 kg in weight, most of them have a prepubertal performance and can ovulate, but the heat of the nutria is often affected by factors such as season, temperature, nutrition, and heredity. The phenomenon of inconsistent puberty.
2. Females can be bred many times a year during the year, and male rats can mate with estrus mothers all year round. The non-pregnant mothers are estrus once every 24 to 30 days (individuals are estrus 14 to 16 days or 35 to 40 days apart). The duration of estrus is generally 36 to 72 hours.
3. Irritative ovulation is the development of mature eggs, the need to mate to stimulate the ovulation, but also have their own ovulation.
4. After gestation, the estrus will no longer have an average of 132 days (120-140 days). The farrowing is mostly carried out at night. Ejaculation within 1 to 3 days after delivery can be allocated to blood, but the pregnancy rate of this blood is only about 10%.
5. Newly born pups with large size, weight, and life can take care of themselves. Newborn pups weigh between 75 and 250 grams. The neonatal pups blink and have teeth. The body has coats and tentacles and screams 2 minutes after birth. After 20 minutes, she began to eat milk. After 4 hours she was able to get out of her nest. She could also swim in the water and be able to taste the food of her mother. Since the coypu is native to the subtropical and temperate regions, the mother does not have a habit of nesting the litter, nor does she have the habit of caring for young rats.
6. Breeding of coypu, which is shorter than the age of 3 to 4 years, has a significant decline in fertility.
(b) The suitable mating age of the coypu is generally maturation of 7 to 8 months of age and 8 to 9 months of age. The weight should reach 3.5 to 4 kg. The age of the first mating cannot be increased, otherwise it will reduce the productivity of the entire production group.
(c) of the estrus performance and mating behavior of the beaver rat When the estrus of the female rat, the vulva is flushed, swollen, moist and mucus; mental excitement, loss of appetite, movement in the stadium, tending to male rats, and even finding male rats . In addition to these euphoric expressions, the estrus mothers of the first oestrus are mainly characterized by the rupture of the vaginal sealing membrane in the vulva. The mating behavior of the coypu is similar to that of a rabbit. The male rat crawls on the back of the mother's rat. If the mother does not dodge, the male rat presses down on the root of the rat's tail and the hindquarters vibrate for continuous penis insertion. After the penis is inserted into the vagina, When the tail of the male rat is invaginated, it immediately ejaculates after swiftly rushing forward. After ejaculation, the male rat rapidly slides down from the back of the female mouse and ends mating. The mating time is about 1 minute. If no ejaculation action is observed, it is an indication of unsuccessful mating. In one estrus period, mothers can be assigned 2 to 4 times.
(d) Suitable time for breeding
The fertility rate of mating mice aged 1 to 3 years was the highest in the second and third estruss after delivery. Throughout the year, fertility rates were highest from November to February of the following year and from March to May. In the same estrus duration, the first half of the match was affected by the high rate of conception in the latter half of the match. The time for releasing the breeding should be flexibly controlled according to the seasonal changes. The spring and winter seasons are better at 9 to 11 o'clock and 14 to 16 o'clock, while the summer and autumn seasons are suitable at 8 to 10 o'clock and 16 to 19 o'clock. When you put it right, you usually put the female rat into the pen corner of the male rat, and let the male mouse see the mother's house. Otherwise, the male rat will be frightened and bite the frame.
(five) common mating methods
1. A female and a female mating will mate the estrus mating into male rats, mating the female rat back to the original circle, and mating again the next day, repeated 2 or 3 times, if the female is still not 5-6 days With the device, the rats can be replayed for 6 to 8 days every 24 days, and the pregnancy test can be performed 48 to 50 days after the device is allocated. If the device fails to be allocated, the third estrus (48 to 62 days after delivery) can be performed. Rats are caged. One-male and one-mother mating methods can increase the fertility rate of female rats, and the blood relationship of descendants is clear. It is also easy to predict the expected date of birth. However, this method is suitable for laborers, small farms and rodent farms.
2. A male and female mating
One male and four to six females form a "family", are kept in a circle for a long period of time, freely mate, and two palpations are performed on the dam every month. The pregnant female is confirmed to be immediately taken out and fed separately. After the weaning rats are weaned, they are sent back to the original "family" circle. Note that in the formation of the "family", it is better to choose the same fetus, or to breed with the same fetus. Otherwise, it is easy for the mother to bite. The adoption of this method can save 1/4 to 1/3 of the housing area of ​​a male-female mating method, and it also saves time and effort in management. There are many advantages, both small and large farms can be used.
3. Multiple male and female mating
10 to 20 males and 100 to 200 females are kept in large pens and freely mated. Although this method is labor-saving, the lineage of the descendants is unclear, and they are often bitten, resulting in poor abortion and fur quality. Generally, it is not appropriate to adopt this method.
(6) Pregnancy diagnosis of the coypu The long-term gestation period of the coypu is 132 (120-140) days. Adult mothers can produce 2 children a year, and individual children can produce 5 children each year. • Pregnancy can be judged by touching the tire. When the mother is about 50 days pregnant, her fetus can reach 2 cm in length. With the left hand gently lift the tail of the mother rat, place the forelegs of the female rat on a low-altitude object, and use the right hand to make an "eight" shape. From the last rib to the pelvis, gently touch along the sides of the abdomen and touch it. A smooth fetus, like the size of a broad bean, can be considered as a pregnancy. When touched, use too much force to prevent miscarriage. The best results are obtained with an empty stomach. The fetus should be discriminated from the fecal pellet when it is touched, and the feces are hard and inflexible. Experienced people can touch the fetus after 40 days or even 30 days.
(7) The maternal delivery situation The maternal delivery situation is similar to that of a rabbit. The ewes near the antenatal mother do not have the title of grass as their nests. They are mentally uneasy and have hair loss around the genitals. Most of them give birth at night or in the early morning and rarely give birth. Every 1 to 5 minutes, 1 postpartum mother rat quickly bitten off the umbilical cord of the rat and eaten the placenta. Generally 2 to 3 hours after the completion of delivery, individual mothers extended to 6 to 8 hours. The postpartum mother mouse dries mucus from the pups and sends a call to the pups. Nipples 3 to 5 pairs, distributed on both sides of the chest and abdomen, but not under the armpits, so the pups can suck milk on the ground and water.
(8) The key to livelihood and livelihood
1. To ensure that the young rats eat colostrum in time, and when there are more than 8 litters, we must take out part of the young rats and send them to the same or close-to-number, maternal-strong maternal rats to ensure that they eat. Colostrum. If it is impossible to find a foster mother, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition of the mother of the mother who gave birth, and to encourage the mother to secrete more milk. Individual orphans may be used to feed a dropper or a cow.
2. Try to strengthen the management of the mother rats and strengthen the nutrition so that the mother rats can maintain a strong milk secretion capacity. ?
(9) Main factors affecting the fertility of the coypu
1. The standard color-colored coypu is generally higher than the colored coypu on average, and is usually more than 20% larger.
2. The average number of litters was the highest among the 3rd to 5th-age litters and gradually decreased afterwards.
3. The body weight of female rats is generally proportional to the fertility, that is, the greater the body weight, the stronger the fertility, but the fertility rate of the overweight fertile female is increased.
4. Feeding Management Feeding management has a direct impact on fertility.
Sexual maturity
At the age of 4 to 5 months and 0.8 to 2.2 kg in weight, most of them have a prepubertal performance and can ovulate, but the heat of the nutria is often affected by factors such as season, temperature, nutrition, and heredity. The phenomenon of inconsistent puberty.
2. Females can be bred many times a year during the year, and male rats can mate with estrus mothers all year round. The non-pregnant mothers are estrus once every 24 to 30 days (individuals are estrus 14 to 16 days or 35 to 40 days apart). The duration of estrus is generally 36 to 72 hours.
3. Irritative ovulation is the development of mature eggs, the need to mate to stimulate the ovulation, but also have their own ovulation.
4. After gestation, the estrus will no longer have an average of 132 days (120-140 days). The farrowing is mostly carried out at night. Ejaculation within 1 to 3 days after delivery can be allocated to blood, but the pregnancy rate of this blood is only about 10%.
5. Newly born pups with large size, weight, and life can take care of themselves. Newborn pups weigh between 75 and 250 grams. The neonatal pups blink and have teeth. The body has coats and tentacles and screams 2 minutes after birth. After 20 minutes, she began to eat milk. After 4 hours she was able to get out of her nest. She could also swim in the water and be able to taste the food of her mother. Since the coypu is native to the subtropical and temperate regions, the mother does not have a habit of nesting the litter, nor does she have the habit of caring for young rats.
6. Breeding of coypu, which is shorter than the age of 3 to 4 years, has a significant decline in fertility.
(b) The suitable mating age of the coypu is generally maturation of 7 to 8 months of age and 8 to 9 months of age. The weight should reach 3.5 to 4 kg. The age of the first mating cannot be increased, otherwise it will reduce the productivity of the entire production group.
(c) of the estrus performance and mating behavior of the beaver rat When the estrus of the female rat, the vulva is flushed, swollen, moist and mucus; mental excitement, loss of appetite, movement in the stadium, tending to male rats, and even finding male rats . In addition to these euphoric expressions, the estrus mothers of the first oestrus are mainly characterized by the rupture of the vaginal sealing membrane in the vulva. The mating behavior of the coypu is similar to that of a rabbit. The male rat crawls on the back of the mother's rat. If the mother does not dodge, the male rat presses down on the root of the rat's tail and the hindquarters vibrate for continuous penis insertion. After the penis is inserted into the vagina, When the tail of the male rat is invaginated, it immediately ejaculates after swiftly rushing forward. After ejaculation, the male rat rapidly slides down from the back of the female mouse and ends mating. The mating time is about 1 minute. If no ejaculation action is observed, it is an indication of unsuccessful mating. In one estrus period, mothers can be assigned 2 to 4 times.
(d) Suitable time for breeding
The fertility rate of mating mice aged 1 to 3 years was the highest in the second and third estruss after delivery. Throughout the year, fertility rates were highest from November to February of the following year and from March to May. In the same estrus duration, the first half of the match was affected by the high rate of conception in the latter half of the match. The time for releasing the breeding should be flexibly controlled according to the seasonal changes. The spring and winter seasons are better at 9 to 11 o'clock and 14 to 16 o'clock, while the summer and autumn seasons are suitable at 8 to 10 o'clock and 16 to 19 o'clock. When you put it right, you usually put the female rat into the pen corner of the male rat, and let the male mouse see the mother's house. Otherwise, the male rat will be frightened and bite the frame.
(five) common mating methods
1. A female and a female mating will mate the estrus mating into male rats, mating the female rat back to the original circle, and mating again the next day, repeated 2 or 3 times, if the female is still not 5-6 days With the device, the rats can be replayed for 6 to 8 days every 24 days, and the pregnancy test can be performed 48 to 50 days after the device is allocated. If the device fails to be allocated, the third estrus (48 to 62 days after delivery) can be performed. Rats are caged. One-male and one-mother mating methods can increase the fertility rate of female rats, and the blood relationship of descendants is clear. It is also easy to predict the expected date of birth. However, this method is suitable for laborers, small farms and rodent farms.
2. A male and female mating
One male and four to six females form a "family", are kept in a circle for a long period of time, freely mate, and two palpations are performed on the dam every month. The pregnant female is confirmed to be immediately taken out and fed separately. After the weaning rats are weaned, they are sent back to the original "family" circle. Note that in the formation of the "family", it is better to choose the same fetus, or to breed with the same fetus. Otherwise, it is easy for the mother to bite. The adoption of this method can save 1/4 to 1/3 of the housing area of ​​a male-female mating method, and it also saves time and effort in management. There are many advantages, both small and large farms can be used.
3. Multiple male and female mating
10 to 20 males and 100 to 200 females are kept in large pens and freely mated. Although this method is labor-saving, the lineage of the descendants is unclear, and they are often bitten, resulting in poor abortion and fur quality. Generally, it is not appropriate to adopt this method.
(6) Pregnancy diagnosis of the coypu The long-term gestation period of the coypu is 132 (120-140) days. Adult mothers can produce 2 children a year, and individual children can produce 5 children each year. • Pregnancy can be judged by touching the tire. When the mother is about 50 days pregnant, her fetus can reach 2 cm in length. With the left hand gently lift the tail of the mother rat, place the forelegs of the female rat on a low-altitude object, and use the right hand to make an "eight" shape. From the last rib to the pelvis, gently touch along the sides of the abdomen and touch it. A smooth fetus, like the size of a broad bean, can be considered as a pregnancy. When touched, use too much force to prevent miscarriage. The best results are obtained with an empty stomach. The fetus should be discriminated from the fecal pellet when it is touched, and the feces are hard and inflexible. Experienced people can touch the fetus after 40 days or even 30 days.
(7) The maternal delivery situation The maternal delivery situation is similar to that of a rabbit. The ewes near the antenatal mother do not have the title of grass as their nests. They are mentally uneasy and have hair loss around the genitals. Most of them give birth at night or in the early morning and rarely give birth. Every 1 to 5 minutes, 1 postpartum mother rat quickly bitten off the umbilical cord of the rat and eaten the placenta. Generally 2 to 3 hours after the completion of delivery, individual mothers extended to 6 to 8 hours. The postpartum mother mouse dries mucus from the pups and sends a call to the pups. Nipples 3 to 5 pairs, distributed on both sides of the chest and abdomen, but not under the armpits, so the pups can suck milk on the ground and water.
(8) The key to livelihood and livelihood
1. To ensure that the young rats eat colostrum in time, and when there are more than 8 litters, we must take out part of the young rats and send them to the same or close-to-number, maternal-strong maternal rats to ensure that they eat. Colostrum. If it is impossible to find a foster mother, it is necessary to strengthen the nutrition of the mother of the mother who gave birth, and to encourage the mother to secrete more milk. Individual orphans may be used to feed a dropper or a cow.
2. Try to strengthen the management of the mother rats and strengthen the nutrition so that the mother rats can maintain a strong milk secretion capacity. ?
(9) Main factors affecting the fertility of the coypu
1. The standard color-colored coypu is generally higher than the colored coypu on average, and is usually more than 20% larger.
2. The average number of litters was the highest among the 3rd to 5th-age litters and gradually decreased afterwards.
3. The body weight of female rats is generally proportional to the fertility, that is, the greater the body weight, the stronger the fertility, but the fertility rate of the overweight fertile female is increased.
4. Feeding Management Feeding management has a direct impact on fertility.
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