Litchi is one of the leading industries in Guangdong's agriculture. In order to ensure that the litchi planting industry will promote the growth of agricultural economy, increase farmers' incomes, and strive to achieve a good harvest for litchi this year, it is also necessary to strengthen cultivation management and adopt necessary and effective pest and disease management measures. According to years of research, it is proposed that future litchi pest control should take the road of comprehensive management, that is, based on agricultural cultivation and management, with biological control, high efficiency, low toxicity and low residual pesticides as the main content, adopt biological control and chemical prevention. In a coordinated manner, reduce the amount of pesticides used, scientifically use drugs, protect natural enemies, exert natural control functions, and lower pests and diseases below the level of economic losses. Therefore, put forward specific measures for the integrated management of litchi pests this year.
I. Coordination and management of pests and diseases during the growth period of litchi:
1. Early spring flowering and flowering stages: (1) Pest control focuses on litchi and elephant lice. At the beginning of March, 22% of locusts were cleared 1500 times, and 20% of dicofol was added 800 times. The mixture was sprayed once, mainly to kill the litchi stink, reduce the number of eggs laid, and prevent propagation of spring shoots or spikes of flower spikes. . (2) If there is more rain before flowering, Phytophthora capsici and anthracnose often occur, and the “agricultural anti-1991†150 times liquid can be added to the insect repellent, that is, mixed and sprayed. (3) Litchi fruit protector foliar fertilizer is added into "triple play", but it should be immediately mixed and sprayed to control not only pests but also strong spikes.
If the lychee tree is over 20 years old, the trunk is tall, the branches and leaves are dense, and spraying is not easy. At this point just litchi just flowering, and generally do not spray pesticides during flowering, the release of flat-bellied bees to control litchi figurines best. Each tree is placed twice in early March and early April to completely control the eggs. Since 1990, more than 100,000 litchi fruit trees in Guangming Farm of Shenzhen Guangming Company have been continuously treated with flat-bellied wasps to control litchi and stink bugs, which can control pests indiscriminately and receive good results.
2. Fruit period: To prevent the outbreak of worms and the epidemic of Phytophthora infestans, focus on prevention and control within 20 days before harvest. If there is more rain, spray once every 20 days and 15 days before harvest. Efficient eradication of 100% can be added to agricultural anti-9611 150 times, that is mixed with the spray. Autumn protection after fruit picking: Autumn shoots are the result of the following year's mother shoots. Protecting the autumn shoots is the key to whether or not the fruit can be fruitful the next year and must not be ignored. (1) Every time when the shoot is pulled out by 3 to 5 centimeters, it is inspected and inspected whether there are insect pests such as ulnar maggots or leaffold insects, so that early detection and timely control can be achieved. At 5-8 centimeters, spray with 22% locusts clear 1000 times liquid, generally 1 or 2 times will be able to protect when the autumn shoots. (2) Note that trees that grow weaker are more susceptible to anthrax. Available double Bo (formerly known as cream charcoal) 600 times or 80% spray grams 600 times, plus 0.2% urea, spray. It should be noted that if the entire autumn shoot period is in a period of high temperature and humidity, the use of pyrethroid pesticides should not be excessive in order to avoid the occurrence of secondary pests.
3, after the harvest of agricultural management measures: (1) after fruit picking, cut off the branches and leaves of pests, clear the ground defoliation and pests and diseases, bring out the field burned, reduce the source of pests and diseases. (2) Reasonable fertilization, emphasis on the application of organic fertilizer, and enhance the plant's resistance to pests and diseases.
4. Management measures during winter shoots: (1) Winter shoots are the overwintering sites for the beetles and cockroaches. Therefore, winter shoots should be well controlled. This will not only cut off the pests' proper food, but also reduce the early spring insects in the next year, which is beneficial to the next year's flowers. Spike out. (2) In the winter and spring period, 30% copper oxychloride suspension or other copper preparations can be used to spray litchi canopy, branches, stem bases and ground soil to eliminate the pathogens of Phytophthora capsici and anthracnose in litchi, and greatly reduce the incidence of early spring in the following year. The number of pathogens. These simple and easy measures are low in cost and effective.
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