The loquat tree is a subtropical evergreen, known for its stronger cold tolerance compared to citrus. It thrives in areas with an average annual temperature above 12–15°C, where winter temperatures do not drop below -6°C. Loquats require at least 1000 mm of annual rainfall for optimal growth. The tree produces four distinct flushes of shoots each year: spring (February–April), summer (May–June), autumn (August–September), and winter (November–December). Among these, the spring, summer, and autumn flushes are the most significant for fruit production. The root activity of the plant plays a crucial role in shoot development, and shoot growth typically begins about two weeks earlier than that of branch shoots.
For young trees, fertilization follows the principle of "thin but frequent" feeding. The first application occurs after planting and once the seedlings have established, using 20 kg of bio-organic fertilizer per tree. Fertilization should be done once a month until October. In the second year, additional applications are made at the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth months, with 40 kg per mu each time.
In mature orchards, three main fertilizer applications are recommended annually. The first, known as the spring fertilizer, is applied around mid-February to promote spring shoot growth and increase fruit set. These spring shoots become the fruit-bearing branches for the season and serve as the foundation for summer and autumn shoots. This application includes 50 kg of Mushi biological organic fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate.
The second application, the summer shoot fertilizer, is applied after harvest between mid-May and early June, especially before late-maturing varieties are picked. This stage focuses on promoting summer shoot growth and encouraging flower bud differentiation from July to August. Strong and uniform summer shoots are essential for long-term productivity, so this application is more substantial. Typically, it includes 200 kg of Mushi organic fertilizer, 50 kg of urea, and 20 kg of superphosphate.
The third application, the autumn or pre-flowering fertilizer, is applied in early September to October, just after flowering and before the tree starts heading. This helps improve flowering, enhance fruit set, and strengthen the tree’s ability to survive the winter. It usually consists of 80 kg of Mushi biological organic fertilizer.
Loquat roots are not as vigorous as those of other fruit trees, and they have strong regenerative capacity if the soil has good drainage. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, care must be taken to prevent nutrient loss and ensure the roots can absorb the nutrients quickly. Common methods include hole application or furrow application. For hole application, dig 3–4 small holes around the tree, about 1.5 meters from the trunk, and 60–80 cm deep. Liquid fertilizer is then poured into the holes, covered with soil, and watered to allow slow absorption. Alternatively, an annular or radial groove method can also be used.
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