Passion fruit, scientifically known as *Passiflora edulis* f. *flavicarpa* (Deg.), is a tropical vine that produces a unique and flavorful fruit. It is commonly referred to as passion fruit, egg fruit, or sweet granadilla. Belonging to the genus *Passiflora*, this plant is classified as a climbing fruit tree and is widely cultivated in warm climates.
The plant features tendrils that help it climb, with alternate leaves that have petioles often equipped with two glands. Its inflorescence consists of cymes, sometimes reduced to just one or two flowers. The flowers are typically bisexual but can occasionally be unisexual or even heterostylous. They have five sepals, which are often petal-like and may feature an adaxial appendage. The five petals are sometimes absent, and between the corolla and stamens, there may be filaments or scales. The inner corolla varies in structure, and the stamens are usually five in number. The pistil comprises 3–5 carpels, with a superior ovary borne on an androgynophore. The fruit is either a capsule or a fleshy berry.
Native to tropical America, passion fruit thrives in warm, frost-free environments. It grows rapidly, has a long flowering season, and produces many flowers. For optimal yield, it prefers loose, fertile soil rich in organic matter, with good drainage and access to water. It is best suited for cultivation in regions south of 24°N latitude.
This fruit is highly valued for its sweet and tangy flavor, aromatic scent, and versatility in culinary applications. It contains over 132 types of aromatic compounds, making it one of the most fragrant fruits globally. Known as the "king of fruit juices," it is ideal for making purees, juices, or blended drinks with other fruits like mango, pineapple, guava, orange, and apple. It is also used in ice cream, desserts, and as a natural flavor enhancer in various food products.
Globally, the demand for passion fruit has been steadily rising, especially in Europe and North America, where large quantities of puree are imported. In China, passion fruit juice and mixed drinks became popular after their introduction in 1990, and consumer demand continues to grow. Whether enjoyed fresh, processed, or incorporated into various dishes, passion fruit remains a beloved and valuable tropical crop.
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