How to prevent cracking on the top of summer eggplant

In the summer, eggplants often suffer from a condition known as "top cracking," where the fruit's top (or umbilicus) splits open, exposing the seeds and preventing the fruit from growing properly. This issue can affect up to 25% of the crop in severe cases, significantly reducing both yield and market value. The primary cause of this cracking is calcium deficiency. Calcium is essential for cell wall development, and when it's lacking, the fruit skin becomes weak and prone to splitting. The main reasons for calcium deficiency include insufficient calcium in the soil, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, heavy rainfall that leaches nutrients, high humidity, and serious plant diseases. During the early stages of fruit development, dry soil can lead to the hardening of the fruit’s outer layer, making it less flexible. Later, sudden heavy rains or uneven watering cause the inside of the fruit to expand rapidly while the skin cannot keep up, resulting in cracks. However, the most common underlying issue is a lack of calcium within the plant itself. Here are the main causes of calcium deficiency and ways to prevent it: **1. Soil Calcium Deficiency** Soil that lacks calcium, especially in continuously cultivated fields, can lead to poor growth. Greenhouses and controlled environments are particularly vulnerable if calcium fertilizers aren't applied regularly. **2. Excessive Nitrogen** Too much nitrogen in the soil can lead to an accumulation of ammonium, which interferes with the plant's ability to absorb calcium. **3. Overwatering or Heavy Rain** Excessive water or rain can wash away available calcium from the soil, leading to deficiency. This is especially problematic during the rainy season. **4. Water Stress** Both drought and overwatering can disrupt the plant’s ability to take up calcium. During dry periods, the roots can’t absorb enough calcium due to limited moisture. After heavy rain, high humidity can slow transpiration, reducing the movement of calcium to the fruit. **5. Pest and Disease Problems** Late-season pests and diseases—such as Verticillium wilt, blight, root rot, and nematodes—can damage the root system, reducing its ability to absorb nutrients, including calcium. **Prevention Measures:** **1. Apply Calcium-Rich Fertilizers** Use fertilizers high in calcium, such as calcium nitrate or lime, to supplement the soil and ensure adequate nutrient availability. **2. Manage Watering Properly** Water consistently during dry spells but avoid overwatering. Drain excess water after heavy rains to prevent root saturation. **3. Improve Plant Health** Apply natural brassin and Shuofeng 481 solutions every 20 days to stimulate root growth and enhance nutrient uptake. **4. Foliar Sprays During Rainy Seasons** When humidity is high, apply foliar sprays of 0.3% ammonium calcium magnesium solution every 3–7 days to directly supply calcium to the plants. By addressing these factors, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of top cracking in eggplants and improve overall crop quality and yield.

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