In the production of watermelons, various unfavorable factors often lead to problems such as poor fruit set, excessive fruiting, and deformed fruits. These issues can significantly reduce yield and commercial value, directly impacting farmers' income. The main reasons why watermelons tend to be deformed are as follows:
During the flowering and fruit-setting stage, abnormal weather conditions like high or low temperatures, rain, or drought can disrupt normal plant growth. This leads to weak plants, underdeveloped ovaries, and poor pollination. Prolonged rainy weather, in particular, hinders natural pollination, causing an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth. As a result, the plants may grow excessively, leading to many small fruits that struggle to mature properly. This results in hard-to-set fruits, delayed fruiting, and ultimately, deformed melons.
Improper management of fertilizers and irrigation also plays a significant role. If too much nitrogen is applied during the growing period, and other essential nutrients like phosphorus and potassium are lacking, it can cause nutrient imbalances. This weakens the plant's ability to set fruits, leading to flower drop or poor fruit development. Overuse of nitrogen can further exacerbate this issue, reducing the overall fruit setting rate.
Poor pollination, especially in female flowers, is another key factor. When temperatures are too low, insect activity decreases, which affects natural pollination. In such cases, artificial pollination should be considered. However, if pollination is uneven or incomplete, it can result in low fruit set and deformed fruits. Ensuring proper pollination techniques is crucial for healthy fruit development.
Additionally, a lack of understanding of specific watermelon varieties can contribute to these problems. Farmers who do not fully grasp the characteristics of the variety they are growing may fail to implement appropriate cultivation practices. For example, large-fruited watermelons require careful control of water and fertilizer, along with assisted pollination. Without these measures, the quality of the fruit and the success of the harvest can suffer significantly.
By addressing these challenges through better climate monitoring, balanced nutrition, effective pollination methods, and proper variety-specific management, farmers can improve fruit quality, increase yields, and enhance their profitability.
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