Recently, vegetable farmers have reported that the problem of hollow celery was more severe last year, which affected both the quality and taste of the produce. This year, they planted celery quickly, but concerns remain about how to prevent the hollowing issue. What steps can be taken to avoid this problem?
The hollowing in celery is characterized by a white, cork-like tissue forming in the center of the petiole, starting from the base and moving upward. This condition can be triggered by several factors, including insufficient water or nutrients, irregular watering or fertilization, excessive fertilizer use, dry conditions, low temperatures, late harvesting, or overuse of gibberellin. All these elements can contribute to the development of hollow celery.
To address this issue, farmers can implement the following strategies:
1. Choose suitable planting areas. The soil should be neutral or slightly acidic, and it's best to avoid clay or sandy soils, as they may not support healthy growth.
2. Use high-quality varieties such as American celery, Tianjin solid celery, Bailey celery, or Ventura. These varieties are known for their resistance to hollowing and better overall performance.
3. Maintain a cool and moist growing environment. Ideal daytime temperatures range between 15°C and 23°C, with a maximum of 25°C. Nighttime temperatures should be between 13°C and 18°C, and the soil temperature should stay within 13°C to 18°C for optimal growth.
4. Implement proper water and fertilizer management. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, ideally 5,000 kg of high-quality organic manure per mu. It’s also recommended to add 100–200 kg of fermented chicken manure or around 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, along with 10 kg of ammonium sulfate, either mixed with water or applied with well-rotted human waste.
During the growing season, apply top-dressing fertilizer using quick-release nitrogen and potash, about 20 kg per mu every 15 days. Water frequently but lightly, keeping the soil moisture at 60–80%, and ensure good drainage to avoid waterlogging.
5. If boron deficiency is detected, spray a 0.1% boron solution at 40 kg per mu, repeating the application every 5–7 days for up to three times. It's best to spray in the afternoon when the leaves are wet. If yellowing occurs, applying 0.1% urea or chlorophyll-based foliar fertilizer can help. Gibberellin can be used to promote growth, but only when there is enough water and nutrients, and the plants are healthy. Apply it 30 and 20 days before harvest at a concentration of 20 mg/kg, optionally adding 2% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the solution.
6. Control pests and diseases promptly to ensure healthy plant growth. Harvest at the right time—ideally 80–90 days after planting—to maintain the best quality and avoid over-maturity, which can increase the risk of hollowing.
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