In the production of watermelons, various unfavorable factors often lead to issues such as poor fruit set, excessive fruiting, and deformed fruits. These problems can significantly reduce yield and commercial value, directly affecting the income of farmers. The main reasons why watermelons tend to be deformed are as follows:
During the flowering and fruit-setting stage, unexpected weather conditions like high or low temperatures, rain, or drought can disrupt normal plant growth. This may result in weak plants, underdeveloped ovaries, and poor pollination. Prolonged rainy weather, in particular, hinders natural pollination, leading to an imbalance between vegetative and reproductive growth. Excessive vegetative growth can cause the plant to produce too many small fruits, which struggle to develop properly, resulting in hard-to-set fruits, late fruiting, and deformed melons.
Improper management of fertilizers and irrigation is another key factor. If too much nitrogen is applied without sufficient phosphorus or potassium, it can cause the plant to grow excessively, leading to flower or fruit drop. This not only reduces fruit set but also affects the overall quality of the watermelon.
Poor pollination, especially when temperatures are too low, can hinder insect activity and reduce the chances of successful pollination. In such cases, artificial pollination is necessary. However, if this process is not done properly or unevenly, it can lead to low fruit setting rates and malformed fruits.
Additionally, a lack of understanding of the specific characteristics of different watermelon varieties can contribute to these issues. Farmers may fail to apply appropriate cultivation techniques, such as proper fertilizer control, water management, and assisted pollination for large-fruited varieties. This lack of knowledge can have a direct impact on the quality of the seeds and the final product.
Overall, addressing these challenges through better climate adaptation, balanced nutrient management, proper pollination techniques, and variety-specific practices can greatly improve the quality and productivity of watermelon crops.
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