For beef cattle farmers, the goal is to raise large, high-quality beef cattle that grow quickly and efficiently while using fewer resources. This means achieving higher feed conversion rates and better economic returns. To overcome factors that hinder weight gain, reduce feed costs, and increase profitability through scientific methods, there are several key strategies that should be considered.
First, **self-breeding** plays a crucial role in sustainable cattle farming. As the saying goes, "A cow sees a cow, three years and five heads," which emphasizes the importance of breeding. By maintaining a strong breeding herd, farmers can naturally increase their stock without relying on expensive external purchases. Breeding cows not only boost numbers but also improve the proportion of productive animals. Cows can be raised for slaughter from 1.5 to 2 years old, increasing the overall efficiency and profitability of the operation. Plus, self-breeding helps avoid the risk of disease outbreaks from outside sources.
Second, **hybridization** of cattle breeds is essential for improving productivity. Many local breeds have declined due to poor management and overgrazing, resulting in slower growth, smaller size, and lower meat yields. The solution lies in introducing high-performance breeds like Xia Lai Lai or other hybrid varieties. These crossbred cattle require less feed, grow faster, and produce more meat. For example, 18-month-old hybrids can reach up to 300 kg, which is over 50% more than local breeds of the same age. This hybrid advantage significantly boosts economic returns and enhances the industry's long-term sustainability.
Third, **making full use of local forage resources** is vital. Cattle are natural herbivores with a high ability to digest fiber. Farmers can utilize agricultural byproducts such as straw, but it’s important to process them properly. Raw straw is often coarse and low in nutritional value, leading to digestive issues if fed long-term. Instead, it should be fermented, ammoniated, or treated with microorganisms to improve its quality. Studies show that 5 kg of silage corn straw or 4 kg of ammoniated wheat straw can replace 1 kg of concentrate feed, making it both cost-effective and nutritionally beneficial.
Fourth, **feeding compound feed** is necessary for balanced nutrition. Many farmers still rely on traditional feeding methods, which often result in unbalanced diets, waste, and poor growth. A well-formulated compound feed ensures that all nutritional needs are met, reducing picky eating and waste. It is recommended to use at least six different feed types to complement each other. Freshness is also key—feeds should be kept fresh, avoiding freezing in cold weather and spoilage in hot conditions.
Finally, **managing proper nutrition levels** is critical for optimal growth. Beef cattle need adequate nutrients to convert into body weight and fat. If nutrition is insufficient, growth slows down, and the animal may start using body fat to survive. Replenishing nutrition after a deficiency period can help restore some weight, but the longer the deprivation, the harder it is to recover, especially in young animals. Different feeding strategies can be applied based on the nutritional level. For instance, high-energy feeding during the finishing phase can significantly boost daily weight gain, while a balanced grazing and feeding system offers the most economical results.
By implementing these practices, farmers can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and achieve greater profitability in beef cattle farming.
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