Lamb supplementation is a feeding strategy designed to support lambs in areas where ewes are concentrated. The main objectives of this practice are to accelerate lamb growth, reduce size variation among lambs born at different times, and lay the foundation for better fattening results, particularly by shortening the fattening period. Additionally, it helps decrease the frequency of lambs licking ewes, allowing ewes to maintain a longer lactation period during peak milk production.
First, it's important to identify which lambs should be supplemented. This includes lambs scheduled for weaning at two months old, those intended for breeding in a three-year cycle, lambs born in winter, purebred lambs, multiples, and those born after the main lambing season.
Second, the timing of supplementation should be considered. Larger sheep breeds typically start supplementing at 15-21 days of age. If lambing occurs over an extended period, group feeding can be used based on birth dates. For smaller flocks, supplementation can begin when lambs show interest in solid feed, with some starting as early as 10 days old.
Third, the composition of the supplementary feed is crucial. High-quality hay or grass is ideal for roughage, provided freely using a straw rack or hanging feeder. For concentrates, corn, soybean meal, and bran are commonly used. Before one month of age, whole or crushed corn is recommended, while later, whole grains are more suitable. Adjust the balance between roughage and concentrate depending on the season. In early spring, when green grass hasn't started growing, alfalfa-based hay is preferred, along with a mix of corn. In late spring, when green grass is abundant, hay may not be necessary, but the concentrate mix should still include corn and a small amount of soybean meal to maintain a protein level of at least 15%.
Two common feed formulations are widely used in practice:
1. In areas without processing facilities: 60% corn, 20% oats or barley, 10% bran, 10% soybean meal. For every 10 kg of mixture, add 0.4 g of chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline, a small amount of bone meal, and mix all ingredients together.
2. In regions with processing capabilities: 20% corn, 10% bran, 20% oats or barley, 10% soybean meal, 10% bone meal, and 30% molasses. Add 0.4 g of antibiotics per 10 kg of concentrate. Mix all ingredients and make them into pellets with a diameter of 0.4–0.6 cm.
Fourth, proper feeding and management practices are essential. Ensure enough stalls are available, with each lamb having about 0.15 square meters of space. The entrance and exit should be around 20 cm wide and 40 cm high to prevent overcrowding. Clean and disinfect the feeding area regularly.
During the initial phase, place small amounts of corn and soybean meal in the trough during the day. Replace the feed daily, regardless of how much the lambs eat. Once they get used to eating, feed them consistently. The average daily intake starts at 40–50 grams and increases to 300–350 grams later. Total consumption should reach 8–10 kg. Feed once a day, allowing lambs to eat within 30 minutes. Choose morning or evening feeding times, ensuring good lighting. If lambs refuse certain feed, consider switching the type.
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