The key to successfully raising summer silkworms lies in a combination of careful management and precise techniques. The main approach centers around providing high-quality, well-satiated food while implementing flexible strategies such as "three preventions and one diligence," "three early and one late," and "four uniform and two timely." These methods are essential for ensuring healthy growth and optimal silk production.
**Three Preventions and One Diligence**
First, disease prevention is crucial. Before starting the rearing process, thorough disinfection must be carried out. Five to seven days prior, the silkworm room, tools, and surrounding areas should be thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed. A 1% chlorine-containing bleaching powder solution should be sprayed twice, with each application left to sit for at least 30 minutes. Silkworms should also be soaked in this solution for sterilization. After receiving the young silkworms (ants), it's important to maintain strict hygiene throughout the entire rearing period, especially during the early stages. Regular washing of silkworms and larvae is necessary, and they should be disinfected on time using a 0.5% chlorine bleach solution. After removing any sand or debris, a surface spray should be applied to ensure a clean environment.
To prevent poisoning from pesticides, a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution should be used daily starting from the second instar. Additionally, to control fly infestation, food and fly traps should be added regularly from the third instar onwards.
Second, heat prevention is vital. The silkworm room should be kept cool and well-ventilated, and silkworms should be placed away from windows and doors to avoid direct wind exposure.
Third, hunger prevention involves feeding silkworms appropriately. Small silkworms should be given slightly larger leaves, and by the third instar, they can eat whole leaves. Feeding should be frequent—about six times a day—with more attention given to nighttime feeding when silkworms are most active.
Lastly, diligence in cleaning and removing sand is essential. Sand should not be removed until the second instar, to avoid stress on the young silkworms.
**Three Early and One Late**
Early acceptance of ants: Silkworms should be received between 8 and 9 a.m., and fed immediately with fresh mulberry leaves, but in small quantities for the first two days.
Early expansion: Thin silkworms should be released into larger spaces as they grow, ensuring even distribution.
Late feeding: Mulberry leaves should be provided only when the silkworms are ready to eat, avoiding overfeeding and ensuring they have time to rest.
**Four Uniform and Two Timely**
Uniform temperature: The silkworm room should maintain an even temperature. In summer, it’s important to manage high humidity and temperature fluctuations. Ventilation should be increased in humid conditions, while misting can help reduce temperatures during dry periods. Ideal temperatures are 26–28°C for the room and 23–24°C for the silkworms, not exceeding 30°C or 27°C respectively.
Uniform distribution: Silkworms should be evenly spread out, with appropriate spacing based on their size. Summer silkworms are generally thinner than spring ones.
Uniform feeding: Leaves should be given in suitable amounts to allow full consumption without waste.
Uniform leaf quality: Mulberry leaves should be of consistent maturity. For the first four instars, summer-harvested leaves are ideal, while the fifth instar benefits from new shoots. This ensures silkworms don’t consume old, wilted, or damaged leaves.
Timely care: Sleep treatment should be done promptly, with earlier netting than in spring. Uneven development should be addressed by separating green batches and reducing the number of batches to speed up the process. Timely selection of the captain (the best silkworms) is also important, and after the last feeding, the room should be ventilated and kept moist, avoiding strong winds and maintaining gentle airflow.
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