When selecting spring villosum for planting, it’s essential to choose healthy plants from a reliable nursery. The ideal breeding site should provide shelter, easy access to water, and fertile soil, preferably on a gentle slope that offers some shade. Before sowing, the area should undergo thorough tilling, creating raised beds approximately 15 cm high and 100 cm wide. Additionally, incorporate a compost blend of superphosphate and cow dung at a rate of 25,000 kilograms per hectare to enrich the soil.
Propagation can occur through seeds or cuttings, with seed propagation being the predominant method. Seeds should be harvested when fully mature, typically from August to September, and chosen from large, pest-free fruits. After collecting the fresh fruit, dry it in the sun for a day or two, ensuring the temperature remains between 35°C and 40°C. Once dried, store the seeds indoors for four days, then wash them to remove the outer skin and allow them to dry further before sowing. Avoid direct sunlight during this process.
Seeds can be sown either in autumn (August-September) or spring (March). Fresh seeds germinate better when conditions are favorable. For optimal germination, select a well-draining, moist, and loose soil bed, with ridges 13.2 cm high and 1 to 1.33 meters wide. Apply a basal fertilizer prior to sowing and ensure the soil is evenly prepared. Sow the seeds at intervals of 13.2 cm, at a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm. Germination typically occurs within 20 days, reaching a success rate of 60% to 70%. Each acre requires 3 to 3.5 kg of seeds, with approximately 20 seedlings produced per kilogram of seed. Fertilizer application should start lightly and increase gradually as the seedlings grow. Begin feeding with diluted liquid fertilizer (1:8) or ammonium sulfate (1.5 to 2 kg per 1500 kg of water) every two weeks or monthly. Transplant the seedlings when they reach about 10 to 13.2 cm tall, spaced 20 cm apart, once they have developed around 10 leaves.
In Daegu, the ideal planting window is from April to May. However, planting can also occur in August or September, provided adequate irrigation is maintained. Outside these periods, survival rates drop due to extreme temperatures. Prior to planting, clear the area of weeds and unnecessary shrubs, trim excessive shade-providing trees, and dig trenches 25 to 30 cm deep to prevent erosion. If manual labor is limited, consider building terraces to improve water retention. On flat terrain, plant seedlings close to the time of collection, trimming roughly two-thirds of the leaves. Space rows at 60 to 100 cm intervals, creating pits 30 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 20 cm deep. Use organic fertilizers like human waste as base nutrients, requiring approximately 700 seedlings per acre. Ensure the seedlings are buried up to 6 to 7 cm deep, with the tops of the new shoots exposed above ground. Compact the soil around the base and keep the surface slightly below ground level. After planting, cover the holes with mulch. In dry conditions, water the plants promptly to maintain moisture.
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