Scientific Name: Gerbera jamesonii Bolus
Family: Asteraceae (commonly known as the daisy or sunflower family)
Category: A biennial herbaceous flower
Morphological Characteristics:
Gerbera jamesonii is a biennial herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. Native to Europe, it typically grows to a height of about 90 cm and blooms naturally from April to May. In greenhouse cultivation, it can be induced to flower as early as February. The plant comes in various color variations, including pan-blue, blue-violet, deep purple, snow-green, pink-red, and rose-red. There are also dwarf varieties suitable for flower beds, reaching heights between 40 cm and 50 cm. Due to its easy cultivation and upright growth habit, it is commonly used for cut flowers.
Origin and Distribution:
Native to Europe, particularly Central Europe, the cornflower (Gerbera) is often found along hillsides, fields, near homes, roadsides, and waterways in Germany. It has become a symbol of beauty and natural charm in many regions.
Growth Habits:
Cornflowers are cold-tolerant and can be planted in open areas in East China, while in North China, they require winter protection. They thrive in well-drained, fertile soil and prefer full sunlight. They can be sown directly, are adaptable, and relatively easy to grow. For cut flower production, they are usually sown in August, transplanted in September, and flowered in February of the following year. In warmer regions, seeds are sown in August or September, overwintered in the open field, and planted in early spring for summer blooms. In the northeast, they are often grown in greenhouses.
Because the root system of the cornflower is shallow with few lateral roots, transplanting should be done carefully when seedlings are moved, as they may not survive easily. Therefore, direct sowing in spring is often preferred. Additionally, cornflowers need to be planted densely to ensure healthy growth.
Reproduction and Cultivation:
Propagation is mainly through seeds. Cornflowers are sensitive to transplanting, so it's important to keep the soil ball intact when planting. Apply a base fertilizer before planting. During the growing season, provide moderate watering to avoid root rot. Applying liquid fertilizer once a month can promote vigorous growth. Since the stems are weak, pinching back the seedlings encourages bushier growth and shorter plants.
Uses:
High-type varieties are ideal for flower beds, floral arrangements, roadside plantings, and lawns. Their elegant appearance and beautiful blooms add a natural touch to any setting. They are also popular as cut flowers. The cornflower is the national flower of Germany and symbolizes happiness. In European countryside, these small blue flowers can often be seen along roads and fields, emitting a subtle fragrance. Their blue hue is a unique element that enhances both visual appeal and flavor in teas.
Medicinal Benefits:
Cornflowers are known for their beauty, calming properties, digestive aid, and diuretic effects. Cornflower hydrosol is a gentle natural cleanser for the skin, while flower water can help maintain and nourish the skin. It aids digestion, relieves rheumatic pain, and helps with stomachaches, gastritis, and bronchitis. However, cornflowers are heat-sensitive and difficult to grow in hot climates like Taiwan during the summer unless cultivated in high-altitude, cooler areas.
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