Chestnut deciduous trees are one of the woody grain species. They have a long life and are called "iron crops." Chestnut fruit is rich in nutrients, delicious and delicious, and can be used as a substitute for food. Chestnut trees can be used as medicine. Bark, branches and leaves, and pith can be extracted from the pith of the wood. The leaves can also be fed with tussah and tussah. Chestnut wood is hard, texture straight, moisture and corrosion resistance, can be used for construction, shipbuilding, sleepers, pillars and other materials, or a good process, carving materials. As the chestnut tree is adaptable to environmental conditions, drought-resistant and cold-resistant, but also resistant to thin, can be planted in hills, mountains, barren slopes, beaches, suitable for a large area of ​​barren hills afforestation. In the project of returning farmland to forestry, it is undoubtedly a tree species with a great development prospect. There are two kinds of chestnut breeding: real life and grafting. As the real-life breeding chestnut varieties are not pure, with mixed results, the results are late, and the variability is large. Grafting and reproduction can maintain the excellent characteristics of the varieties and bring about early results, and the adaptability of rootstocks can also expand the cultivation scope. Therefore, chestnut grafting multiplied. In the following, taking the province as an example, the introduction of chestnut seedling technology is as follows: 1 Rootstock cultivation 1.1 Rootstock species The types of rootstock include real chestnut and chestnut. Real chestnut is called a common anvil or an anvil. 1.2 Rootstock Seedling Breeding 1.2.1 Selection During the cracking stage of the ripe mature chestnut fruit, the tree was selected for robustness, high yield, stable yield, consistent fruit ripening period, strong resistance, and grafted with the local main plant varieties for 20 years of high survival rate. The 60-year-old single plant is a mother plant. When the fruit matures, the natural fruit drop is picked up and the fruit with neat size, full maturity, and no pests and diseases is selected as seedling raising material. 1.2.2 Seed storage in our province generally adopts the sand trap method. A small amount of seeds can be cellared and potted, and a large number of seeds can be used for storage. Select dry, well-drained leeward slopes, dig trenches 60cm to 100cm deep and 100cm wide. The length depends on the amount of seed. In the trench bottom, 100cm or so of clean wet sand, 1 layer of sand and 1 layer of seed (spacing distance) For 10cm), put it in turn, and when it is more than 25cm away from the ditch, cover 10cm with wet sand and fine sand. Finally, fill it with soil and cultivate the mound to prevent accumulation of water. Pay attention to inspections during storage to prevent over-drying, over-wetting, and animal damage, etc. Mixing evenly into the ditch at a ratio of 3.5:1 can also be used. 1.2.3 Planting sowing date can be divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing is planted between the spring equinox and the Ching Ming. Autumn sowing is planted before and after the beginning of winter. Sowing method is divided into live broadcast and broadcast. Direct seeding, the seeds are directly placed in the planting hole, 2 to 3 pellets per hole, and 5.7 cm thick cover soil. After the seedlings are unearthed, the management must be strengthened. The weak seedlings should be ploughed before entering the winter and the cover soil should be frozen. After 1 to 2 years, 1 strong seedling was grafted on site and the rest were transplanted. Seed sowing, choose a good drainage, soil thicker, fertile soil, deepen the soil layer, flat and flat (5m long, 1m wide). Fill the bottom water before sowing, the spacing of the plants is 1.5cm25cm～30cm, sowing the ditch, digging the depth of 12cm, and ditching the bottom, spreading the fertilizer on the bottom of the ditch, putting the seeds in the ditch, laying the tip to the south, covering the earth 4cm～5cm, To evaporate the ground surface for waterproofing, one layer of fine sand can be covered and then covered with a plastic film. The sowing rate per hectare is 1500kg to 2250kg. To prevent underground pests, sulfur powder 200g plus grass ash 1kg, seed dressing 50kg. 1.2.4 Seedling management When the seedlings are placed in the leaves, the first fertilizer can be traced and watered after fertilization. The second fertilizer was applied until around June and watering was combined. September - October compost and other organic fertilizers. During the growing season, attention should be paid to drainage, cultivating, weeding and pest control. In the rainy season, it is necessary to drain water and prevent flooding, pouring enough frozen water before wintering. In order to warm the soil, the seedlings can be cut off in the fall and the soil can be covered. If chestnut soil is barren, it can be leveled continuously for 1 to 2 years. 2 Grafting 2.1 Scioning selection In order to increase the grafting survival rate, it is generally better to grow, stout, and grow on the outside of the crown or on the adult parent plant that grows robustly, breeds finely, yields steadily, and is free of pests and diseases. . 2.2 Grafting methods and time Grafting methods include grafting and budding. Grafting time is generally in late April. 2.2.1 Branch grafting Grafting is usually performed when the rootstock buds begin to sprout and the bark peels easily. Methods include cutting, splicing, abdominal connection, subcutaneous access, skinning tongue, etc. Among them, the subcutaneous connection and the skin-inserting tongue connection are easy to operate, and the abutment contact surface is large, and the survival rate is high. Grafting should choose thick and full scion. The knife should be quick, the operation should be rapid, the noodles should be long and flat, the formation layer should be aligned, and the dressing should be tight. Use a plastic bag to cover it. The specific method of inserting the skin tongue is to cut the rootstock flat and then cut the scion into a mare-shaped noodle with a length of 5cm to 10cm. The cut scion is contained in the mouth, and then the smooth side of the rootstock is selected, and the skin is gently peeled to expose the tender skin; the length and width of the cut surface should be slightly larger than the scion surface. After pinching the rootstock skin, the skin layer on the back of the noodle is pinched and lifted. The xylem is gently inserted into the skin of the rootstock. The skin of the scion covers the tender skin outside the rootstock and can be tied. After the grafting is completed, the soil is moistened again. 2.2.2 Bud grafting in spring When budding buds are not sprouted in the spring, the buds in the autumn are used for development. The survival rate is very high; in spring and autumn, wood buds can be used to connect, so it can resist drought and cold, and avoid the adverse climate hazard in early spring and winter. , The survival rate is high. After the plastic strips are bundled, the bud tips have a good effect. The specific approach is the same as that of other fruit buds.
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