Frost, ice formation, and extremely low temperature are the direct causes of frost damage in fruit trees. When the outside temperature falls below 0°C. It causes ice in the intercellular space of the tree, ice between the protoplasm and the cell wall, and ice formation in the protoplasm, which destroys the cell structure and causes the cells to lose their viability. The rapid decline in temperature, large degree of radiation, long duration, or rapid thawing will aggravate the degree of frost damage. The vulnerable parts of the fruit tree are the root neck, branches, cortex, thin shoots and flower buds. The symptoms of freezing are browning, longitudinal cracking, rot and dry death.
A comprehensive prevention and cure method for frost damage of fruit trees I. Cultivation measures to improve the frost resistance of fruit trees
1. Build the park in a suitable place. The selection of suitable varieties for the development of new orchards should be based on the selection of high-risk, well-drained, wind-impact, and thick soil layers where fruit trees are planted. At the time of planting, appropriate tree species or species should be selected according to the climate in the area.
2, to strengthen the orchard cultivation and management (1) fall to be a reasonable pruning, remove stubborn branches, dense crowded branches, thin branches, promote photosynthesis. Saplings and trees with poor cold resistance have to be delayed until the spring of next year.
(2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Increase the maturity of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote the late autumn shoots mature. Strict control of winter shoots.
(3) Strengthen pest control. Pay attention to spraying, protect the leaves, increase the photosynthesis, increase the accumulation of nutrients, promote the robustness of the tree, and increase the resistance to overwintering.
3. Establish a protective forest to create a shelterbelt on the windward side of the orchard. Reduce wind speed, suppress drought, and improve the orchard's microclimate.
Second, the emergency protection measures before freezing
1. Trunk treatment (1) The trunk is painted white. The trunk is coated with white to prevent freezing of roots and necks. The method is to whiten the trunk of the fruit tree about 0.5m from the ground. The whitening agent can be made of 10 parts of lime, 1 part of sulfur powder, 1 part of salt, and 30 parts of water. It is made by adding a small amount of clay and grease (the effect is to avoid rain water), and then adding a small amount of Bordeaux paddles, and then apply the white fruit to the fruit trees. Pest control also has a role.
(2) Straw bales. Before the advent of freezing, wrap the trunk or main branch with a straw rope or wrap the trunk with straw or plastic film.
2, the root plate cover or root plate soil as straw or weeds to cover the entire root plate of fruit trees, can increase the temperature and humidity around the rhizosphere. Can also be used to cover the neck around the fire or soil cultivation of fruit trees, the depth of 5-10 cm is appropriate. After the spring, the soil will be dug out so that the root system, especially the root neck, will not be frosted.
3. Pre-freeze or cold-water spraying When the frozen soil is “frozen in the night†before freezing, the water will be sprayed on the fruit trees or when the freezing damage will occur, so that the ground temperature will remain relatively stable, thereby reducing the freezing damage. Pay attention to irrigation to achieve good results.
4, night smoke smoke smoke at night can resist the decline of cold air deposition. At the same time increase the orchard temperature. The fuel can be sawdust, smashed, crushed straw, or weeds cleared in the winter clearing garden. After stacking, the thin soil layer is pressed up. Light up at around midnight, suitable for dark smoke. Generally, 4 to 5 fire points can be spotted per acre orchard so that the smoke can cover the entire orchard to slow the cooling and cooling of the ground and increase the heat in the air. This method can increase the temperature of orchard 3-4 °C.
Third, the remediation measures after freezing
1. Immediately after pruning and causing frost damage, timely remove the dead leaves, and after the spring sprouts, prune branches according to the frozen conditions. The principle of pruning is to lightly cut long-distances, leave more foliage, keep less flower buds, reduce the amount of load, promote new branches, and restore and expand the canopy as soon as possible. Fruit trees with severe frostbite and loss of vitality in roots should be excavated in time.
2, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases of frozen trees tree weakness, poor resistance, to summer and autumn easy to trigger resin disease, rot disease, fruit trees wound disinfection with a smear to prevent disease. In the early spring, lime sulfur was sprayed to eliminate germs.
3, cultivating loose soil, fertilization in early spring thawing to cultivating loose soil in order to improve soil temperature, humidity, improve soil permeability. In combination with loose soil, apply Spring Fertilizer earlier. The rhizosphere compensatory fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, which can be applied with urea + thin fecal water; when the new leaf is developed, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% urea fertilizer is applied 2-3 times. The roots of frostbite have poor ability to absorb trace elements. It is prone to symptoms of zinc deficiency, manganese, boron, etc. It can be judged based on the leaf surface and supplemented with the foliar fertilization of the missing elements.
4. The fruit tree that protects the fruit from the loss of flower buds due to freezing. It is necessary to take measures to preserve flowers and preserve fruits. Try to increase the rate of fruit set. If the imbalanced growth of the tree after freezing results in a large number of flowers and fruit and branches and shoots, then part of the resulting mother branches should be eliminated, and the amount of flowers should be reduced. Remove excess buds in time to increase the accumulation of nutrients. Promote shoot bud maturation. Increase tree power.
A comprehensive prevention and cure method for frost damage of fruit trees I. Cultivation measures to improve the frost resistance of fruit trees
1. Build the park in a suitable place. The selection of suitable varieties for the development of new orchards should be based on the selection of high-risk, well-drained, wind-impact, and thick soil layers where fruit trees are planted. At the time of planting, appropriate tree species or species should be selected according to the climate in the area.
2, to strengthen the orchard cultivation and management (1) fall to be a reasonable pruning, remove stubborn branches, dense crowded branches, thin branches, promote photosynthesis. Saplings and trees with poor cold resistance have to be delayed until the spring of next year.
(2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Increase the maturity of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote the late autumn shoots mature. Strict control of winter shoots.
(3) Strengthen pest control. Pay attention to spraying, protect the leaves, increase the photosynthesis, increase the accumulation of nutrients, promote the robustness of the tree, and increase the resistance to overwintering.
3. Establish a protective forest to create a shelterbelt on the windward side of the orchard. Reduce wind speed, suppress drought, and improve the orchard's microclimate.
Second, the emergency protection measures before freezing
1. Trunk treatment (1) The trunk is painted white. The trunk is coated with white to prevent freezing of roots and necks. The method is to whiten the trunk of the fruit tree about 0.5m from the ground. The whitening agent can be made of 10 parts of lime, 1 part of sulfur powder, 1 part of salt, and 30 parts of water. It is made by adding a small amount of clay and grease (the effect is to avoid rain water), and then adding a small amount of Bordeaux paddles, and then apply the white fruit to the fruit trees. Pest control also has a role.
(2) Straw bales. Before the advent of freezing, wrap the trunk or main branch with a straw rope or wrap the trunk with straw or plastic film.
2, the root plate cover or root plate soil as straw or weeds to cover the entire root plate of fruit trees, can increase the temperature and humidity around the rhizosphere. Can also be used to cover the neck around the fire or soil cultivation of fruit trees, the depth of 5-10 cm is appropriate. After the spring, the soil will be dug out so that the root system, especially the root neck, will not be frosted.
3. Pre-freeze or cold-water spraying When the frozen soil is “frozen in the night†before freezing, the water will be sprayed on the fruit trees or when the freezing damage will occur, so that the ground temperature will remain relatively stable, thereby reducing the freezing damage. Pay attention to irrigation to achieve good results.
4, night smoke smoke smoke at night can resist the decline of cold air deposition. At the same time increase the orchard temperature. The fuel can be sawdust, smashed, crushed straw, or weeds cleared in the winter clearing garden. After stacking, the thin soil layer is pressed up. Light up at around midnight, suitable for dark smoke. Generally, 4 to 5 fire points can be spotted per acre orchard so that the smoke can cover the entire orchard to slow the cooling and cooling of the ground and increase the heat in the air. This method can increase the temperature of orchard 3-4 °C.
Third, the remediation measures after freezing
1. Immediately after pruning and causing frost damage, timely remove the dead leaves, and after the spring sprouts, prune branches according to the frozen conditions. The principle of pruning is to lightly cut long-distances, leave more foliage, keep less flower buds, reduce the amount of load, promote new branches, and restore and expand the canopy as soon as possible. Fruit trees with severe frostbite and loss of vitality in roots should be excavated in time.
2, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases of frozen trees tree weakness, poor resistance, to summer and autumn easy to trigger resin disease, rot disease, fruit trees wound disinfection with a smear to prevent disease. In the early spring, lime sulfur was sprayed to eliminate germs.
3, cultivating loose soil, fertilization in early spring thawing to cultivating loose soil in order to improve soil temperature, humidity, improve soil permeability. In combination with loose soil, apply Spring Fertilizer earlier. The rhizosphere compensatory fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, which can be applied with urea + thin fecal water; when the new leaf is developed, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% urea fertilizer is applied 2-3 times. The roots of frostbite have poor ability to absorb trace elements. It is prone to symptoms of zinc deficiency, manganese, boron, etc. It can be judged based on the leaf surface and supplemented with the foliar fertilization of the missing elements.
4. The fruit tree that protects the fruit from the loss of flower buds due to freezing. It is necessary to take measures to preserve flowers and preserve fruits. Try to increase the rate of fruit set. If the imbalanced growth of the tree after freezing results in a large number of flowers and fruit and branches and shoots, then part of the resulting mother branches should be eliminated, and the amount of flowers should be reduced. Remove excess buds in time to increase the accumulation of nutrients. Promote shoot bud maturation. Increase tree power.
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