1. Preparation before hatching (1) Formulating a plan Prior to hatching, an incubation plan was established based on specific conditions such as hatching ability, number of eggs, and chick sales. Don't change the plan in a non-special situation so that the hatching work goes smoothly. When planning, if the hatchery staff do not work in groups, try to stagger the laborious and time-consuming tasks (such as hatching, keeping eggs, moving plates, hatching, etc.). Usually two batches of incubators per week, work efficiency is higher. It can also be incubated in batches for 3 days. The hatching effect is very good and the work efficiency is higher. The incubation plans are now described as follows: 1 In the weekly (7 days), 1 batch is hatched (headed out) every 3 days and every 4 days; 1 batch of weekly fixed weeks 1 and 4 is incubated every week for 21 weeks. 5. 1 batch of relocations on week 1; 1 batch of hatching (sales) on week 1 and week 4; 3 turnover schedules for each cycle of 6 batches, ie the first batch of the second cycle (7 batches of total batches The hatching eggs of the breeding people were hatched in the first batch of hatchery (1 to 2 sets) in the first cycle, and the eggs of the second batch of the second batch (8th batch of the total batch) were hatched to the second batch of the first cycle. Incubator (3 ~ 4). By analogy. (2) Preparation of articles One week before incubating, all supplies shall be prepared, including eggs, thermometers, disinfecting drugs, immunization equipment, recording forms and original parts of vulnerable electrical appliances, motors, etc. (3) After the table test machine incubator is installed or after it is decommissioned for a period of time, it is necessary to carefully calibrate and inspect the performance of each machine before putting it into use. Try to eliminate the hidden dangers before entering hatchery. (4) pre-heating pre-heating eggs before hatching can make embryonic development "restear" gradually from the static state, reduce the temperature drop in the incubator, remove egg surface water, so that it can be immediately after hatching Disinfect the eggs. Some studies have suggested that the species of medicinal eggs will be preserved for a long time (2 to 4 weeks), and they will be preheated at 21 to 24°C before hatching to increase the hatching rate. The preservation time of eggs is within 2 weeks. Preheating is not effective in increasing the hatching rate. (5) Preheating method: Before hatching, lay the eggs in the environment of no less than 22-25°C for 4-9 hours or 12-18 hours. Preserving eggs at 38°C for 1 to 5 hours or 38.3°C for 6 to 8 hours preheats them, although they can increase the hatching rate, but need to increase equipment and expenses, rarely used in production. (6) Incubation of the code disk The egg code is called a code disk on the hatching egg tray. Absorber trays are used abroad. In China, due to the large number of incubators (incubators) and different specifications, the encoders cannot be mechanized. Generally several types of eggs can be placed on the code every day, mounted on a hatchery with moving wheels, and clearly marked (indicating the time, species, quantity, hatching time, batch number, and incubator number, etc.) of the hatchery and then pushed. Store in storage room. Usually the entire batch of hatching, hatching two batches each week; batch hatching, 3 to 5 days to hatch a batch of hatching time in the afternoon 4 to 5 o'clock (depending on the length of time to rise to the incubation temperature), It is generally expected to have a large number of chicks during the day (7) Sterilize eggs before hatching. 2. Incubation operation technology (1) Temperature adjustment The incubator temperature control system has been calibrated, tested, and tested in normal operation before hatching. Generally, do not change it at will. At the time of hatching, opening the door to the egg causes heat loss and the eggs and hatching tray absorb heat, so it is normal for the temperature in the incubator to temporarily decrease. When the egg temperature, plate temperature and the temperature in the incubator are the same, the incubator temperature will return to normal. This process lasts for several hours (from as little as 3 to 4 hours, as many as 6 to 8 hours). Even if a temporary power failure or repair causes a drop in the temperature of the machine, it is generally not necessary to adjust the incubation temperature. Only under normal circumstances, the machine temperature is low or high 0.5 ~ 1 °C, only to adjust, and pay close attention to temperature conditions. (2) Humidity adjustment The incubator was observed with a wet and dry thermometer. The observation and recording was performed every 2 hours, and the relative humidity inside the unit was converted. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the cotton yarn and the addition of distilled water. The adjustment of relative humidity is achieved by placing a water tray, controlling the water temperature, and the water level. (3) Transfer eggs 1 to 2 hours for 1 egg transfer. Manually transfer eggs to be stable, light, and slow. Automatic transfer of eggs should be preceded by a button that turns the egg switch. After turning to 45 degrees on one side and automatically stopping, turn the egg switch to the “automatic†position. Transfer eggs once. However, when the power is cut off, the above operation must be repeated so that the automatic transfer of eggs can work. (4) According to the eggs according to the egg to be stable, accurate, fast, try to shorten the time, when conditions can increase the room temperature. Take a plate and fill the gap with the outside egg so it's not easy to miss the shot. When you look at the egg, it's found that the embryo's head is upside down. When platters were placed on the plate, they were consciously placed in opposite corners (that is, the hatching trays in the upper left corner and the lower right corner were shifted, and the hatching trays in the upper right corner and the lower left corner were reversed). When the plate is released, the hatching plate should be firmly fixed. After the eggs are finished, they should be inspected again to avoid slipping out when transferring the eggs. Finally, the number of anaesthetized eggs, dead embryos, and broken eggs was counted and entered into the table to calculate the fertilization rate. (5) After the embryo is hatched from 18 to 19 days, the embryos are transferred from the incubator tray of the incubator to the hatching tray of the hatcher, which is called transfer or landing. We believe that it is more appropriate to move the eggs after 19 days of incubation. Specifically grasp the transfer of the plate when approximately 10% of chick embryos "beat". In the 18 to 19 days of incubation, it is the most intense period of physiological changes in chick embryos from chorio-alveolar respiration to lung respiration. At this point, chicken embryo gas metabolism, is the peak of death. After the transfer is delayed, the chick embryo can get more fresh air in the hatching tray of the incubator than in the hatching tray of the hatcher, and the heat dissipation is better, so that the chick embryo can survive the dangerous period and improve the hatching effect. When you move the tray, increase the room temperature if possible. The action should be light, steady, and fast, and try to reduce the number of broken embryos. During hatching, the observing window is covered with paper, and the hatcher is kept dark, so that the hatched chicks are quiet, and the hatched chicks are not disturbed by the turmoil, and the hatching effect is affected. (6) Disinfection of young chickens Generally, young chickens do not need to be sterilized. Only the occurrence of omphalitis during the hatching process can be disinfected. Disinfection method: 1 After the transfer, 10% of embryos and eggs “spoutâ€, 28ml of formalin and 14g of potassium permanganate per cubic meter, fumigation for 20 minutes, but more than 20% It should not be used when it is used; 2 or on the 20th to the 21st day, use 40 ml of formalin, 20-30 ml of warm water per cubic meter, and place it at the bottom of the hatcher to allow it to volatilize naturally; (7) After the chicks have been hatched in batches, they will be bred once every 4 hours. The first time in the hatching of 30% to 40%, the second time in the range of 60% to 70% (stacked hatching method, the first time in the hatching of 75% to 85%) ), Finally, another time and "sweep." When you are young, you must be light and fast to avoid breaking eggs. Before and after the door opener, do not open at the same time, so as not to drop the temperature and delay the hatching. When the fluffy young chicks are picked out, they are shelled out to prevent the eggshells from suffocating the other chicks. After most of the hatching (after the second hatchling), the embryonic eggs that had been “spouted†were placed in parallel and placed on the upper layer to promote the embryos to hatch. (8) Selection of new-born chicks and technical disposal During the hatching season, the newborn must be carefully selected and the necessary technical disposal (including vaccines, winged, cut crowns and claws, Malik Vaccines, etc.). 1. Brooding: Incubation by family, each family has a hatchery. Remove the “Genealogy Hatchery Card†and quickly register the number of young and young chicks, young chicks, dead chicks, and stillbirths. Then place the card in the hatching box and proceed to the next job. 2. Identification: If it is anal screening, after the identification of each family, the number of registered males and females in the "chucks card", clean chicks in the identification box, and then identify another family. 3. With the wing number: the number of the family and the hen number. Such as "05 ~ 532" is the fifth family, 532 hens. Put the wing number on the wings of the chick wings. 4. Cut Crown: Mainly to distinguish between fast and slow feathers. For example, if a quick feather cuts the crown and a slow feather does not cut the crown (or vice versa), a fast and slow feather line can be established so that the parent chicks can identify males and females by feather speed. 5. Vaccination: Inoculation of Marek's vaccine, and finally sent to the nursery. (9) Cleaning and disinfection After hatching (chicken is generally on the morning of the 22nd day), firstly, stillbirth (“maomaoâ€), crippled chicks, and dead chicks are released. Then thoroughly disinfect the hatcher, hatching room, chick disposal room and washing room. (10) Measures at the time of power outage should be provided with generators, which are urgently needed for power outages. In the event of a power failure, the switch is first pulled. The room temperature is increased to 27 to 30°C and not lower than 25°C. Transfer eggs once every half hour. It is generally necessary to pay attention to heat preservation in the early stage of incubation, and to pay attention to heat dissipation in the late stage of incubation. In the pre- and mid-hatch period, power outages lasted 4 to 6 hours. The problem was not significant. Due to the power outage, the fan stopped, causing a large temperature difference in the incubator. At this time, the door surface temperature could not represent the temperature in the incubator. During power outages in the middle and late stages of incubation, attention must be paid to measuring the temperature by hand or eyelid (or using a thermometer to measure the temperature of different points), especially the temperature of the embryonic eggs in the upper layers. If necessary, measures can be taken to reverse the heat from the diagonal to the opening of the door to allow the embryo to be heated evenly and develop neatly.
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