Probiotics: With the continuous discovery of multiple health functions of probiotics, such as balancing intestinal flora, improving intestinal function, regulating immunity, enhancing digestion, promoting nutrient absorption, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer properties, antioxidant and Delay aging and improve the cardiovascular system. At present, the international research on probiotics is very active, especially in Japan, France, the United States and other countries have formed a systematic professional research team.
The research on probiotics in the world mainly focuses on the mechanism of probiotics promoting human health, the industrialization and industrial application of probiotics, the high-quality or high-efficiency screening and directional design of multi-functional probiotics, and the application of their research results. Production in the food industry has greatly improved the level of human health and brought objective economic benefits. Probiotics have been widely used in China, especially in dairy products and some functional foods.
In terms of basic research, Chinese scientists have achieved fruitful research results. In July 2008, probiotics L. undertaken by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University and other units. The casei Zhang genomics and proteomics research project passed the identification and the project completed the probiotic L. The determination of the ca-sei Zhang chromosome genome and the plasmid genome plca36 sequence can accurately locate the probiotic functional gene of the strain, and further lay a foundation for further research on its probiotic mechanism and the development and application of related products. The completion of the project marks that China's research on lactic acid bacteria genomics has reached international standards. At the same time, domestically, the screening of strains of fermented fertilizers for dairy products and fermented meat products has made important progress, and a high-throughput technology platform for the targeted screening of strains from the multi-bacterial phase meat fermentation system has been established, and China’s first originality and autonomy have been established. The lactic acid bacteria strain library of intellectual property rights has screened dozens of strains of lactic acid bacteria with excellent production traits and probiotic characteristics, which laid a strong technical and bacterial source foundation for the development of probiotics products in China.
Metabolic Engineering: In the field of metabolic engineering research, with the deepening of research applications, the definition of metabolic engineering is also constantly updated. Now it is defined as the use of genetic engineering technology to purposely modify, modify or modify the cellular metabolic pathways. Expand and construct new metabolic pathways to change the original metabolic characteristics of microorganisms, and combine with microbial gene regulation, metabolic regulation and biochemical engineering to improve the activity or yield of the target metabolites, and to synthesize new metabolites in engineering and technical science. In general, metabolic engineering is based on the establishment of metabolic network theory, through the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolic flow, thereby designing metabolic engineering, including changing metabolic flux, expanding metabolic pathways and constructing new metabolic pathways. The core is the genetic manipulation of target genes or gene clusters at the molecular level, so it is also called third-generation genetic engineering.
Metabolic engineering mainly consists of three steps: modification of the cell pathway (synthesis), rigorous evaluation of the modified cell phenotype (phenotypic characterization), and further modification (optimized design) based on the evaluation results. Among them, the evaluation of performance characterization is based on the acquisition of a large number of biochemical reaction data, using chemical and mathematical research methods combined with advanced information technology for high-throughput analysis, further study of the dynamic characteristics and control mechanism of cell metabolism, and This has developed various mathematical system models to aid in the improvement of metabolic engineering design.
With the advent of the post-genomics era, various omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metabolic fluxomics, etc.) are widely used in metabolic engineering related research. The omics technique phenotypics the characteristics of the cell genome and the relationship between cells and microscopic and macroscopic environmental conditions, replacing the traditional phenotypic characterization method, so that the study of metabolic engineering can be raised from the local pathway level to the overall level, which can better reveal Biological complex metabolic networks and regulatory mechanisms for metabolic engineering research. At present, based on functional genomics research at various levels, using high-throughput experimental techniques and bioinformatics tools, mathematical models can be established by integrating data from various levels of omics, or by comparing different strains or the same strain under different conditions. The multi-level system biology method of analysing the laws of life activities to clarify the laws of life activities has become the focus of scientists in various countries.
Bioreactors: Automated, versatile and efficient new bioreactors have been the focus of research in bioreactor research in recent years. Including artificial bioreactors and natural bioreactors, such as microbial, animal and plant expression systems, the research focuses on combining separation and bioreactor processes to develop highly efficient bioreactors such as supercritical reactors and membrane reactions. Etc., as well as the study of biological reaction mechanisms, the development of reaction process parameter sensors, the establishment of automated control systems and mathematical models, especially the study of parameter control and the development of solid fermentation bioreactors are two key areas of research.
Safety testing: In addition, biotechnology, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA chip technology, have also shown sensitivity for food safety testing such as food microbes, toxins and residual drugs. The advantages of high, specific, simple and fast have gradually become an important direction of food safety research.
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