**Wheat Disease and Pest Control Measures**
Due to the unusually high temperatures during the winter last year, wheat seedlings grew excessively lush, leading to an early onset of diseases. This has significantly affected this year's wheat harvest. In addition to general disease control, special attention must be given to wheat sheath blight, rust, powdery mildew, and locusts. These issues require immediate and effective management.
**1. Sheath Blight:**
Wheat sheath blight is one of the most serious diseases affecting wheat crops. It typically occurs from the late tillering stage through the jointing stage. When winter temperatures are higher than normal or when there is increased rainfall, the disease tends to appear earlier, with a high incidence rate. Infected fields may experience lodging, which severely affects both yield and quality.
**Control Methods:**
- Apply 5% Jinggangmycin at a dilution of 1,000 times combined with bacterial sterile solution at 1,000 times, along with Chunyu No. 1 seed.
- Repeat the treatment 2–3 times depending on the severity of the infection.
- Alternatively, use 12.5% Azoxystrobin at 1,500 times diluted with more income for excellent results.
**2. Powdery Mildew and Rust:**
The critical period for controlling powdery mildew and rust is before the wheat starts to regreen and joint. If sporadic infections are observed in the field or if rain is expected, all fields should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used fungicides include 15% Triadimefon mixed with Chunyu No. 1 (or Bixalene) and 10ml of additional agent. This combination not only enhances disease control but also helps regulate the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth.
**3. Locusts:**
Locusts can cause rapid and severe damage. When more than 10 larvae per 100 plants are found during the jointing stage, or when the infestation rate exceeds 5%, it's time to apply pesticides. Common options include Crocodile at 1,500 times dilution with 10ml, or 50% Imidacloprid at 3,500 times dilution mixed with 1.15kg of water. For aphids, the main control period is during the heading stage, as secondary infestations are harder to manage. Early prevention and repeated treatments (2–3 times) are essential for effective control.
**4. Wheat Midges:**
There are two types of wheat midges: red and yellow. Overwintering larvae emerge during the jointing stage and become active as the wheat heads. Adult midges lay eggs in the heading stage before flowering, causing significant damage during the flowering and grain-filling phases. To effectively control them, it's crucial to act between the heading and flowering stages. Commonly used insecticides include Fast Coke at 1,000 times dilution or Acetamiprid at 1,200 times. These are highly effective and low in toxicity, making them ideal for integrated pest management.
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