Scientific name Amphimallon solstitialis Reitter Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae. Distribution from the north of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, south to Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, from the Bohai Bay in the east, west to Qinghai, Tibet.
Host
Potato, rape, beans and other crops.
Damage characteristics
Larvae damage the underground parts of potatoes and various vegetable roots.
Morphological characteristics
Adults are 14.2-1.7 mm long and 7.2-9.5 mm wide. Medium-sized, narrow and long. Facial and abdomen ventral dark chestnut brown; lip base, mouthparts, tentacles, scutellum, elytra wings, buttocks and foot pale yellow-brown; chest chest ventral chestnut brown, on both sides of the thoracodorsal plate and the panel was three yellow brown vertical Band, panel chestnut dark brown. The head is densely rough with long hair engraved points, the middle of the forehead is often caved into a short longitudinal groove, and there is a transverse ridge between the head and the head. Pronotum long, densely clothed with long hair engraved points, the side of the panel is composed of gray and white fuzz, and the four edges are bordered. Coleoptera is long and narrow, with densely engraved long hairs, slightly sparse ends, clear seam ribs and I-W longitudinal ribs, and an edge of pleiades. Each abdomen in the abdomen is covered with milky white hair, and the final web is smooth. Male worms have obvious middle longitudinal sulcus. The foot is relatively delicate, with thick and strong bristles at the back of the mid-to-total foot femoral section; the outer edge of the forefoot sac is 3 teeth and the inner margin is well developed. Male external genital yang base lateral projection slightly tubular, end flat. The last instar larvae have a body length of 28-32mm and a head width of 4.3-4.8mm. Two bristles on each side of the front of the head, one on each side of the posterior top bristles, and 2-3 on each side of the frontal bristles. The bristles consist of needle-like bristles with 12-13 rhizomes in each row. The first half is parallel to each other, and the hair tips meet. The two halves of the bristles of the posterior half are open and octagonal; the front of the hairline does not reach the front of the hooked bristles. , about 1/2 of the hair removal area.
Habits
One generation occurred in the Bashang area of ​​Hebei in 1-2 years, and larvae were overwintering. In the middle of June of the following year, pupa began to metamorphose, and adults emerged in July. Spawning began 10 days after mating. The egg period was approximately 13 days. Larvae hatched in mid-July and entered the third infancy in early September, and dive in mid-late November. To about 1m deep soil winter. Hunchun rose from the end of April to the beginning of May and was damaged by topsoil activities. A handful of larvae do not phlegm and continue to be harmed for the second year. The third winter instars are used for the second winter, and in the third year, they begin to phlegm and complete development in mid-June.
Control methods
(1) Strengthen forecasting. As earthworms are earthworms, they live and damage the ground, they are hidden, and they are mainly planted in the seedling stage. Once they are found to be seriously affected, they often miss the appropriate control period. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen forecasting work for such pests. The survey time is generally from autumn to before sowing. The survey method is to select representative plots according to different soil textures, topography, leeches, and cornices, and adopt double diagonals or checkerboards, with 10,000 m 2 - 3 samples, 1 m 2 per point, and the depth of excavation. 30-50cm, detailed examination of soil umbilicus and other types of soil pest insects, development period, quantity, depth of soil, etc., are entered in the survey form, and the average number of locusts per m2 is counted, measured by prevention and control indicators in Liaoning Province. 1 head/m2 is light, 1-3 heads/m2 are moderate, and 3 heads/m2 are serious. Control measures must be taken.
(2) Prevention and control of agricultural technical measures:
The first is that for severe land masses, plowing land in late autumn or early winter not only directly destroys some earthworms, but also exposes a large number of earthworms to the surface, causing them to be frozen, dried, or eaten by natural enemies, parasites, etc. Can reduce the insects by 15% -30%, significantly reduce the damage of the second year.
The second is the rational arrangement of mouthwash. Former plots of beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, and corn often cause serious damage to the earthworms. This is related to the feeding and activities of adult moths.
The third is to avoid the application of uncooked manure. Chafers and other vegetable pests, such as spinach leaf litters, seed flies, etc., have strong tropism toward unfamed manure, and often produce eggs within them. If they are applied to the fields, they will bring in a large number of insect sources. The decomposed organic fertilizer can improve the permeability and ventilation characteristics of the soil and provide good conditions for the microbial activity of the soil, so that the root system develops quickly, the seedlings become strong, the insect resistance of the crop is enhanced, and because the earthworm does not like to eat ripe organic fertilizer, It can also reduce its damage to crops.
The fourth is the rational use of chemical fertilizers. Ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium humate, ammonia, ammoniated superphosphate, and other chemical fertilizers emit ammonia gas that has a repellent effect on earthworms and other underground pests.
Fifth, reasonable irrigation. Soil temperature and humidity directly affect the earthworm's activity. The most suitable soil moisture content for earthworm development is 15%-20%. If the soil is too dry and too wet, the earthworms will be forced to migrate to the deep soil layer. If the soil is too persistent or too wet, it will make The eggs cannot hatch, the larvae die, and the adult reproduction and viability are severely impeded. Therefore, in the area where locust occurrence occurs, irrigation should be reasonably controlled without affecting the growth and development of the crop.
Sixth, in protected areas such as greenhouses, hotbeds, and greenhouses, due to high temperatures and seedlings are concentrated, they are often victimized and heavy. It is necessary to find out what is happening and to take preventive measures in time.
(3) Chemical control: Use 50% phoxim EC 1000 times, 25% ECS 1000 times, 40% Dimethoate 1000 times, 30% Trichlorfon 500 times or 80% 100 insect soluble powder 1000 times sprayed or irrigated. For other methods, see Mesh A.
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