At present, our province has already harvested more than half of the grape harvested and sold. Some vineyards have been harvested and marketed. The field management after grape harvesting is the focus of the next grape production management. Some grape-growing companies and peasant households often ignore the management of the grapes after they are harvested. They believe that the grapes have been harvested and management can be loosened. In fact, the post-harvest management of the grapes is just as important as the management of flowering and fruiting. Management of the grapes after harvesting is good or bad, which directly affects the grape production next year. Good post-harvest management has laid a good foundation for high quality next year. Therefore, the vineyards that have already been listed for the end of the listing must pay great attention to field management after harvest. Management in this area should focus on the following tasks:
First, we must do a good job of restoring the tree potential, try to protect the leaves, prevent premature shedding, and promote the ripening of branches. After the grapes are harvested, it is necessary to preserve the leaves of the grapes and prevent them from falling off prematurely as an important management task. After the grapes are harvested, the leaves are still undergoing photosynthesis, increasing nutrient accumulation. Premature defoliation is not conducive to nutrition, and it is not conducive to mature branches. Therefore, attention should be paid to the protection of the grape leaves, except for the leaves with pests and diseases and the leaves that have already been withdrawn. The other leaves should be kept as long as possible. For those growing branches that are still growing, they should lightly pick their hearts and promote their ripening. To promote tree vigor recovery, preserve the leaves, prolong photosynthesis time, promote shoot ripening, fertilizer should be applied after good fruiting, generally Mushi compound fertilizer 15 kg, also available Bao Lifeng No. 2 0.6% solution or urea 0.3 The % solution is applied 2 to 3 times extra-root fertilizer. A vigorous tree garden can be used less or not to prevent new shooters and consume nutrients.
Second, do a good job garden garden, reduce the density of field diseases and insects. After the harvesting of grapes is completed, the branches trimmed in the field, the dead leaves, the diseased leaves, the remaining diseased grains and tendrils, the removed damaged bags, and the weeds in the garden should be removed. Clear out of the park and carry out the process or burn it down. In this way, it will help reduce the density of pests and diseases in the park and reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year.
Third, combined with deep-cultivated loose soil to grasp the use of base fertilizer in autumn. After a year of growth, the soil becomes more compact and needs to be loosened. Deep-cultivation of loose soil helps improve soil permeability and root growth. After harvesting, the grapes should be ploughed and deep-cultivated. The depth of deep plowing is about 18 cm. In combination with the intensive cultivation of the soil in the garden, basal fertilizer must be applied. Autumn basal is the most important one in the annual growth cycle of grapes. The application time of autumn basal fertilizer should be “Ninghai not too lateâ€, and generally should not exceed October. Therefore, when the outside temperature is still high, soil microorganisms are also active, which is conducive to the decomposition of fertilizers and absorption by roots, and the production of more organic nutrients, laying a good foundation for the safe wintering of grapes and the results of next year's growth. If the application time is too late, the temperature and soil temperature will be lower at that time, which will affect the decomposition of the fertilizer and the absorption of the roots, and will not achieve the purpose of applying the base fertilizer in autumn. Basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizer, and pay attention to the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with a reasonable mix, general Mushi cooked manure 1000-2000 kg, 25 kg compound fertilizer, superphosphate 50 kg. The application method of basal fertilizer is divided into two types: garden spreading and ditching. Generally, the vines in the arranging shed are spread out in the whole garden, and the plough is sown after spreading the fertilizer. Gully application can be decided according to the tree order, and it can be applied to ring groove or strip groove fertilization. The ditch depth is generally 40-80 cm, and the ditch width is 30-40 cm. Fertilizer applied after soil coverage.
Fourth, pay attention to pest control. After the grapes are harvested, they are susceptible to downy mildew, blackpox, brown spot, pests that have eaten vines, and leaf mites; if they are not prevented or prevented, they not only cause early defoliation, but also affect the growth and wintering of the grapes. It also has a serious impact on grape growth in the second year, resulting in a large base for overwintering diseases and insect pests, increasing the difficulty of pest control and prevention and control of the second year. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to take preventive measures in time to control the occurrence of pests and diseases. Under normal circumstances, after the harvest, a protective bactericide should be used immediately, generally 1:1: 150-200 times Bordeaux mixture, and 80% essential 600-fold or 30% king copper suspension 800 can be used. Times. After the main copper preparations, you can choose Bordeaux mixture, essential, king copper, etc., about 15 days, until the leaves. The choice of pharmaceuticals: fungicides, mainly fungicides with killing effects, such as copper preparations; pest control, use of systemic, high-efficiency, low-residue insecticides. If there is a severe downy mildew during the harvest period, 1-2 times downy mildew fungicide should be used immediately after the grapes are harvested, such as 50% cork, cymoxanil, flumorph, and quinone. Methylprednisolone, propofin, mefenoxan, beta-aluminum, etc. are used for 5 days or so. Bordeaux's solution, mancozeb, and thiram are then used as cost-effective protective fungicides. Before and after the color change period of grape, it is an important period for controlling brown spot. If there is much rain in the mid-growth of grapes, there will be a large number of breeding and accumulation of brown spot pathogens, creating conditions for the later occurrence. If the brown spot occurs after the fruit is harvested, it should be used firstly with 1500-times polyoxorubicin or 3000-fold with 12.5% ​​diniconazole, and then use EBDCs such as Penc and Mancozeb. Spray Fuluo, Fumei, etc.) Pharmacy, and then use a copper preparation (such as Bordeaux mixture, essential, king copper, etc.). The occurrence of downy mildew and brown spot disease is one of the causes of early defoliation. The prevention and treatment of this disease must be highly valued. After harvesting, if there is an infection of young black shoots or young leaves, you can first use 12.5% ​​diniconazole 3000 times, (or 10% difenoconazole 1500 times +80% 400 times required. Afterwards, copper preparations (such as Bordeaux mixture, must, king copper, etc.) have been used in vineyards that are endangered by tiger horns, and must be used once after the harvest of grapes to use insecticides that are highly potent, efficient, and low in residue; The critical period of the penetrating moth is after flowering before flowering. If the number of moths is relatively high, the fruit should be supplemented with a highly potent, highly effective, low-residue insecticide (such as acephate) after harvest.
First, we must do a good job of restoring the tree potential, try to protect the leaves, prevent premature shedding, and promote the ripening of branches. After the grapes are harvested, it is necessary to preserve the leaves of the grapes and prevent them from falling off prematurely as an important management task. After the grapes are harvested, the leaves are still undergoing photosynthesis, increasing nutrient accumulation. Premature defoliation is not conducive to nutrition, and it is not conducive to mature branches. Therefore, attention should be paid to the protection of the grape leaves, except for the leaves with pests and diseases and the leaves that have already been withdrawn. The other leaves should be kept as long as possible. For those growing branches that are still growing, they should lightly pick their hearts and promote their ripening. To promote tree vigor recovery, preserve the leaves, prolong photosynthesis time, promote shoot ripening, fertilizer should be applied after good fruiting, generally Mushi compound fertilizer 15 kg, also available Bao Lifeng No. 2 0.6% solution or urea 0.3 The % solution is applied 2 to 3 times extra-root fertilizer. A vigorous tree garden can be used less or not to prevent new shooters and consume nutrients.
Second, do a good job garden garden, reduce the density of field diseases and insects. After the harvesting of grapes is completed, the branches trimmed in the field, the dead leaves, the diseased leaves, the remaining diseased grains and tendrils, the removed damaged bags, and the weeds in the garden should be removed. Clear out of the park and carry out the process or burn it down. In this way, it will help reduce the density of pests and diseases in the park and reduce the incidence of plant diseases and insect pests in the next year.
Third, combined with deep-cultivated loose soil to grasp the use of base fertilizer in autumn. After a year of growth, the soil becomes more compact and needs to be loosened. Deep-cultivation of loose soil helps improve soil permeability and root growth. After harvesting, the grapes should be ploughed and deep-cultivated. The depth of deep plowing is about 18 cm. In combination with the intensive cultivation of the soil in the garden, basal fertilizer must be applied. Autumn basal is the most important one in the annual growth cycle of grapes. The application time of autumn basal fertilizer should be “Ninghai not too lateâ€, and generally should not exceed October. Therefore, when the outside temperature is still high, soil microorganisms are also active, which is conducive to the decomposition of fertilizers and absorption by roots, and the production of more organic nutrients, laying a good foundation for the safe wintering of grapes and the results of next year's growth. If the application time is too late, the temperature and soil temperature will be lower at that time, which will affect the decomposition of the fertilizer and the absorption of the roots, and will not achieve the purpose of applying the base fertilizer in autumn. Basal fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizer, and pay attention to the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with a reasonable mix, general Mushi cooked manure 1000-2000 kg, 25 kg compound fertilizer, superphosphate 50 kg. The application method of basal fertilizer is divided into two types: garden spreading and ditching. Generally, the vines in the arranging shed are spread out in the whole garden, and the plough is sown after spreading the fertilizer. Gully application can be decided according to the tree order, and it can be applied to ring groove or strip groove fertilization. The ditch depth is generally 40-80 cm, and the ditch width is 30-40 cm. Fertilizer applied after soil coverage.
Fourth, pay attention to pest control. After the grapes are harvested, they are susceptible to downy mildew, blackpox, brown spot, pests that have eaten vines, and leaf mites; if they are not prevented or prevented, they not only cause early defoliation, but also affect the growth and wintering of the grapes. It also has a serious impact on grape growth in the second year, resulting in a large base for overwintering diseases and insect pests, increasing the difficulty of pest control and prevention and control of the second year. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, it is necessary to take preventive measures in time to control the occurrence of pests and diseases. Under normal circumstances, after the harvest, a protective bactericide should be used immediately, generally 1:1: 150-200 times Bordeaux mixture, and 80% essential 600-fold or 30% king copper suspension 800 can be used. Times. After the main copper preparations, you can choose Bordeaux mixture, essential, king copper, etc., about 15 days, until the leaves. The choice of pharmaceuticals: fungicides, mainly fungicides with killing effects, such as copper preparations; pest control, use of systemic, high-efficiency, low-residue insecticides. If there is a severe downy mildew during the harvest period, 1-2 times downy mildew fungicide should be used immediately after the grapes are harvested, such as 50% cork, cymoxanil, flumorph, and quinone. Methylprednisolone, propofin, mefenoxan, beta-aluminum, etc. are used for 5 days or so. Bordeaux's solution, mancozeb, and thiram are then used as cost-effective protective fungicides. Before and after the color change period of grape, it is an important period for controlling brown spot. If there is much rain in the mid-growth of grapes, there will be a large number of breeding and accumulation of brown spot pathogens, creating conditions for the later occurrence. If the brown spot occurs after the fruit is harvested, it should be used firstly with 1500-times polyoxorubicin or 3000-fold with 12.5% ​​diniconazole, and then use EBDCs such as Penc and Mancozeb. Spray Fuluo, Fumei, etc.) Pharmacy, and then use a copper preparation (such as Bordeaux mixture, essential, king copper, etc.). The occurrence of downy mildew and brown spot disease is one of the causes of early defoliation. The prevention and treatment of this disease must be highly valued. After harvesting, if there is an infection of young black shoots or young leaves, you can first use 12.5% ​​diniconazole 3000 times, (or 10% difenoconazole 1500 times +80% 400 times required. Afterwards, copper preparations (such as Bordeaux mixture, must, king copper, etc.) have been used in vineyards that are endangered by tiger horns, and must be used once after the harvest of grapes to use insecticides that are highly potent, efficient, and low in residue; The critical period of the penetrating moth is after flowering before flowering. If the number of moths is relatively high, the fruit should be supplemented with a highly potent, highly effective, low-residue insecticide (such as acephate) after harvest.