Virus disease is the most serious disease in China's tobacco, and it has a growing trend. According to the current characteristics of tobacco virus disease, which is mainly based on prion-borne virus disease, we have used non-woven cover tobacco to control aphid-transmitted tobacco virus disease trials against current tobacco virus disease. The better results are summarized below.
First, the use of tobacco seedlings in time after the tobacco seedlings covered with 10 ~ 13g / square meter, wide 1.0 ~ 1.5m specifications of the non-woven fabrics, wait until after the peak period of aphid migration uncovered non-woven fabrics.
Second, the principle of disease prevention Tobacco virus disease is mainly prion transmission virus disease, after the tobacco is transplanted on the ridge with a non-woven covering tobacco plants, can effectively block the migration of winged toads to tobacco, to avoid aphids feeding When the tobacco leaf spreads tobacco virus disease, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of blister-borne virus disease and reduce the effect of virus disease.
Third, the effect of covering non-woven fabrics has a significant effect on the prevention and control of tobacco-borne viral diseases. The virus disease incidence and disease index of tobacco plants covered with non-woven fabrics were significantly lower than the control. After 10 days of uncovering the non-woven fabrics, the control effect is more than 50%. With the extension of the time after the unwounding of the non-woven fabrics, the incidence and disease index of the viral diseases of the non-woven fabrics treated with cigarettes increased to varying degrees, and the control efficiency of the non-woven fabrics also decreased. This is the result of the release of non-woven fabrics and the migration of locusts to the tobacco plants for feeding and transmission. This problem is inevitable, but the number of tobacco plants has reached a long-term juncture when uncovering non-woven fabrics, and the impact caused by the virus has been significantly reduced. At the same time, from this point of view, the period of covering non-woven fabrics should be extended as much as possible.
At the same time, the non-woven fabric has the same function as the mulch film: to increase the ground temperature and reduce the evaporation of water. Because the tobacco plants are under the non-woven fabric, they can also play a significant role in preventing freezing damage and preventing early flowering, especially in areas where transplanting is earlier.
Fourth, increase production value-added effect Cover with non-woven fabrics to prevent tobacco virus disease, per 667 square meters of tobacco field average increase in output of 0.9 ~ 15.3kg, an increase of 0.63% ~ 12.29%; per 667 square meters of tobacco production value increased by 9.6 ~ 132.5 yuan, The increase rate was 0.74% to 14.59%; the proportion of superior tobacco and the average price also increased in varying degrees.
V. Effect on tobacco growth and quality Chemical analysis and evaluation of tobacco leaves covered with non-woven fabrics showed that there was no consistent change trend between the indicators and the control, and there was no obvious difference, indicating that the coverage of non-woven fabrics There is no adverse effect on the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves.
In the application, due to the narrowness of the used non-woven fabric, and the covering technology, etc., a certain shrinkage, distortion, or the like may occur when the tobacco plant grows under the non-woven fabric, but after the non-woven fabric is peeled off. 5 ~ 7d recovery. In addition, non-woven fabrics have no adverse effects on tobacco plant growth and agronomic traits.
Six, matters needing attention
1. Flue-cured tobacco plants are generally covered with non-woven fabrics for about 30 days. According to the specific conditions of the size of the tobacco plants and the peak period of migration of the aphids, the coverage time can be appropriately extended so that the non-woven fabrics will have better avoidance and disease prevention effects. . In the first five to seven days before the opening of the non-woven fabric, a part of the non-woven fabric was opened daily until it was completely removed. After removing the non-woven fabrics, the bottom leaves were removed and soil was cultivated to strengthen field management.
2. In order to reduce the number of agricultural operations such as weeding and insecticides used to uncover non-woven fabrics during the cover period, 40% phoxim or trichlorfon was used as a bait to prevent underground pests before transplanting. Spray 90% of Wanling WP 3000 times liquid on the leaves of tobacco plants to control pests.
3. The sooner the non-woven fabric is covered after transplanting, the later the unwounding of the non-woven fabric, the lower the incidence of virus disease in the tobacco plant, and the more obvious the disease prevention effect of the non-woven fabric. It is advisable to cover the plants in time for transplanting, at least on the day of transplanting, in order to reduce the chances of venomous fleas passing through the non-woven fabrics before they are transported.
4. If the non-woven fabric is peeled off at one time, tobacco is prone to symptoms similar to climatic spots. The analysis is mainly due to the fact that the difference in temperature and humidity between the inside and outside of the non-woven fabric is too large, and tobacco is not adapted to this change after uncovering the non-woven fabric; It was found that if the non-woven fabric is gradually uncovered (with 5 to 7 days) before uncovering the non-woven fabric to reduce the sudden changes in temperature and humidity caused by the uncovered nonwoven fabric, problems can be avoided.
5. The longer the non-woven fabric allows the tobacco plant to be protected under the non-woven fabric, the longer the prevention effect of the non-woven fabric is, and the tobacco plant will not be severely shrunk or deformed by the extrusion. Use a wider (1.50m) non-woven fabric, improve the coverage technology, combine the local climate conditions, accurately grasp the time to uncover the non-woven fabric, and try to remove the non-woven fabric gradually after the locust migration period peaks. In the case of no scald leaves, the delay in uncovering the non-woven fabric is lower, and the incidence of viral diseases is even lower, and the preventive effect of the non-woven fabric is higher.
6. Single use of non-woven fabrics cost more. As non-woven fabrics are made of polypropylene (PP) pellets, they are produced by high-temperature melting, spinning, spreading, and hot-press coiling in one continuous step. High toughness, good air permeability, strong abrasion resistance, moderate hardness and softness, even thickness and silk, acid and alkali resistant, non-toxic, non-worm-eaten, easy to wash. The used non-woven fabrics can be used after being washed with lotion. If used properly, they should be protected and can be used continuously for at least 2 years. This will greatly reduce the cost of use and increase economic efficiency.
Author: Hubei Tobacco Company Xiangfan City Company China Tobacco Corporation Qingzhou Tobacco Research Institute
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