Goose raising industry is an advantageous industry with unique international competitiveness in China. In recent years, the unprecedented development of large-scale geese in Henan Province, the majority of peasants want to make a fortune by raising geese. Some geese raising industries have become the pillar industries of rural economy and the income of farmers. New highlights, the situation is gratifying. Efficient goose raising is a systematic project involving multiple disciplines. To sum up, only by carefully solving the six issues (ie, six factors) of good breeds, fodder nutrition, safety, timely raising of geese and geese, raising the comprehensive utilization rate of geese, and industrialization, can the geese get higher. Survival rate, normal growth and development, good product quality, reasonable input-output ratio, and high economic efficiency. 1 The selection of breeding geese breeds is an internal factor that determines the effectiveness. It is good to plant good seedlings, good seedlings and fruitful results, and good results have good benefits. Around 80% of the current size of goose breeders in our province are “bred geese†and “miscellaneous geeseâ€. These geese have small size, slow growth, low egg production, and small egg weight, low feed conversion ratio, long feeding period, and down The quality is low, the feeding cost is high, the product value is low, and the final profit is low, no profit, or loss. Through four years of practice, it has been proven that medium-sized Sichuan white geese and Yangzhou geese have large body types, and the early-growth bred geese have a short feeding period, a high number of eggs, a large egg weight, a high amount of feathers, and a low breeding cost. Can get better benefits. Goslings with large scales are not suitable for keeping the so-called “season goosesâ€. From the market point of view, it is not appropriate to raise brown and gray colored gooses such as goose geese. Where there is no successful implementation of industrialization projects, it is not appropriate to raise Rhine geese or Landes geese. Goose liver production and marketing tasks do not support Landes goose, but can not support the so-called imported goose. It should be pointed out here that in recent years, some localities have purchased some Rhine geese and Landes geese for breeding and promotion, or use goose hybrids and local geese, causing geese breeding and disorder, and the consequences are worrying. In addition, many places are bought by the commodity generation, commodity generation can not be used for breeding, this serious violation of genetic breeding principles of breeding practices, will inevitably lead to goose viability, production performance, reduced immunity, the incidence rate, Increased mortality, poor uniformity, and poor growth and development. Therefore, this chaotic situation should cause the industry’s insightful people to attach great importance and try to stop it. 2 Planting of forage grass and full-fledged geese and geese are waterfowls that mainly eat grass. They can fully absorb and absorb the nutrients contained in high quality roughage, which can be transformed into high quality goose products for human consumption. About 70% of high-quality forage grass and 30% of nutritious and comprehensive feeds for geese are used to feed the geese. Not only do they have fast growth and development, they are less prone to disease, but they also have a long, fleshy synchrony. The quality of the meat is excellent, which saves a lot of concentrate feed and reduces the cost of feeding. According to the country's "grain-economic-feeding" ternary structure adjustment policy, it should be appropriate to the local conditions, properly grow the geese-loving annual ryegrass, winter grazing ryegrass, bitter leeks, grain pods, Mexican corn grass and perennials Chicory, alfalfa, converging grass, white clover and other quality pasture. In order to raise 80 geese for a batch of high-quality forage grass, 3 to 4 batches of meat geese are continuously fed. The output value is 1 to 3 times that of food crops. With high-quality forage geese, its products have strong market competitiveness, which can not only obtain good economic benefits, but also obtain good social and ecological benefits. 3 Safe Production The safety production mentioned here is to implement scientific geese and biological safety measures to allow the geese to grow healthily, reduce the deaths of geese, increase the survival rate, and use less or no medicine to obtain high quality goose products. In the process of raising geese in scale, if the environment is poor, feeding and management are unscientific, and cleaning, sanitation, epidemic prevention, disinfection, and isolation work are not in place, so that the resistance of the gaggle organisms to the disease can be reduced and infection can cause disease deaths. Cause major losses. From a large number of practices, it has been found that the main causes of geese deaths are gosling plague, goose paramyxovirus disease, goslings new viral enteritis, gosling colds, gosling dehydration, harmful gas poisoning, feed poisoning, and drug poisoning. , crushing, parasitic diseases, heat stroke, and solar radiation caused by low temperature environment. Therefore, we should thoroughly rectify the misconception that the goose has strong resistance to disease, and extensive feeding and management will not be sick. Before starting to raise geese, you must first learn some scientific geese knowledge, do your best to create a comfortable and safe living environment for the geese, and follow the scientific geese regulations for feeding management and health epidemic prevention and disease elimination work, especially goslings. Diseases such as cockroaches and goose paramyxoviruses, goslings with new viral enteritis, and bird flu must be adapted to local conditions. A reasonable immunization program should be drawn up and strictly enforced to ensure the safety and normal growth of geese, and to give full play to geese. The potential for production, thereby obtaining higher benefits. 4 Timely geese and geese Due to historical and social reasons, at present and in the period to come, although there is a lot of space in the goose product market in our country, the market operation is not yet standardized, and the difference between production and marketing and seasons will exist for a long time. In particular, China currently adopts the traditional way of raising geese, adapting to the natural climate, and relying on natural geese. The old pattern of “northern geese and southern geese†cannot be eliminated quickly. The goose product market is short-term. It is difficult to balance production and sales. Under normal circumstances, the live geese sales market can be divided into low-cost period from July to September, medium-price period from October to December, and high-price period from January to April. The prices of different priced geese vary greatly. The benefits are also obviously different. For example, a live geese with a weight of 4 kg can only sell for 24-28 yuan in the low-price period and 32-40 yuan in the high-price period. Therefore, the modern goose should be an anti-season goose, that is, each year. Starting in late September, the geese will raise 3 to 4 batches of meat geese in succession at the end of April of the coming year. When they are slaughtered, they will have a high price period for live geese and have high returns. The traditional geese are raised at the end of February or early March and have been raised until the end of June. When the slaughter is at a low price, the benefits are low. Therefore, the geese should keep up with the market and seize the key. Meat and geese must also be sold in a timely manner. For example, a medium-sized goose aged 70 to 80 days, with a live weight of 4 kg or so, and the feathers growing up, should be slaughtered in time. If the breeding period is extended, there will be a lot of material consumption and very little weight gain. , resulting in low profit or loss. If you want to wait for the high price period to resell, in the extended feeding period, it is best to perform one or two live plucking in time to compensate for the loss. Good geese should be used for 3 to 4 years before they are eliminated. Because the breeding geese produce less eggs in the first year, more eggs are produced in the second and third years, the eggs are heavier, and the heritability of good characteristics is high. It is not advisable to eliminate the egg year. The geese have a longer period of discontinued production and should remove the hair one or two times in good time after stopping production to increase economic efficiency. 5 Strive to increase the comprehensive utilization of geese The body of a goose is a treasure. Its down value is many times more expensive than its meat. Goose tongue, goose palm, goose neck and internal organs are much more expensive than meat. Fatty liver is dozens of times more expensive than meat. Selling live geese weighing 4 kilograms can be sold for 32 to 36 yuan at a price of 8 to 9 yuan for 1 kilogram. If slaughtered and processed, the carcasses, goose palms, goose tongue, internal organs, feathers, blood, etc. can be sold separately. ~ 90 yuan. In particular, goose blood has a high medicinal development value. If the goose meat is processed into foods with different flavors, its value is 3 to 4 times that of ordinary carcasses. It can be seen that the efficiency of raising geese and selling live geese is the lowest. Only by doing everything possible to engage in fine processing and deep processing, can we give full play to the greatest value of geese and obtain the best benefits. 6 Implementation of industrialization projects The goose breeding market has a lot of space and prospects are very broad. However, in the period when the market economy enters the buyer’s market, thousands of households have scattered, individualized, and disorderly geese, and they cannot follow the rules and regulations. And the ever-changing market docking, "selling goose is difficult" is still a major constraint to the normal development of the goose industry. Effective solutions are driven by capable people, and with the support of the local government, create geese entities (geese associations, cooperatives, etc.) and set up a model of leading entity+base+agricultural products, and adopt a contractual approach to implement four unifications. Uniform supply of improved species of goose seedlings, unified planting of forage to supply feeds, unification of technical services, unified production, supply, and sales of purchased products and sales, and integrated production, business and trade models for animal husbandry, industry and trade, and the establishment of a reciprocal industrial chain. The community of mutual benefit and risk sharing will fundamentally resolve the contradiction between small-scale production and the big market, so that the geese households will no longer suffer from selling geese. Not only that, with industrialized organizations, there is a reliable service system for timely, effective services in all aspects of pre-production, mid-production, and post-production of geese production. Only in this way can scientific geese really be implemented to achieve regionalization, Professional, large-scale, standardized, harmless, healthy, stable and sustainable development of geese. (Author: Zhu Shiren Unit: Zhengzhou Animal Husbandry Engineering College)
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