First, avoid "open the pot" when the flameout immediately When the engine for some reason the water temperature is too high or even "open pot", some of the hurries to turn off the engine. This practice is not proper. Because the engine stalled, the pumps and fans stopped, the engine cooling slowly and unevenly, the piston was in a static state, it is likely to cause "sticky cylinders." There are also the operator "open the pot" immediately added cooling water, this not only easy to make boiling boiling water spilled out of the hands of the burned body, the body, cylinder head and other parts are still cold due to high temperatures, easy to crack damage. The correct approach is to reduce the throttle, let the engine idle speed 5 ~ 10mim, cooling water temperature to 50 ~ 70 °C, then slowly add cooling water. Second, the first start after the addition of water in order to facilitate the start in the cold season, and some operators often add cooling water after the engine starts. This practice is not desirable. Because the machine temperature rises rapidly after start-up, sudden addition of cooling water will cause cracks in the body, cylinder head and other parts due to sudden cooling. Third, avoid the addition of hard water because well water, river water, tap water, etc. are all hard water, hard water added to the cooling system is easy to produce scale, affecting the normal body heat, resulting in increased engine temperature, engine power drop, it should use rain, snow or burn Well water after opening, tap water as cooling water. Fourth, avoid adding cold water when starting in winter due to low winter temperatures, oil viscosity, such as adding cold water to the tank, will increase the song rotation resistance, the engine is not easy to start. Hot water should be added, not only easy to start, but also reduce the wear of moving parts. Therefore, before the start of the locomotive in winter should add about 80 °C hot water to warm up the engine, prompting to speed up the start. Fifth, avoid evaporative single-cylinder diesel engine cooling water over-full This type of diesel engine is relying on cooling water evaporation to take away heat to achieve cooling. If the cooling water in the tank is overfilled, the excess cooling water will overflow due to vibration and bumps, damaging the cylinder pad. In addition, if the cooling water is overfilled, cooling at the water inlet of the tank alone will greatly reduce the evaporation area of ​​the cooling water, and the cooling water effect is not good. Therefore, the cooling water surface should be 2cm away from the tank mouth. Six, bogey winter operations immediately put the cooling water because of low temperatures in winter, often below O °C, and when the engine temperature is generally 85 ~ 95 °C, then let go of cooling water, due to large temperature difference, the speed of heat in various parts does not Both are easy to crack parts such as cylinder heads. The correct way is to make the engine run at idle speed first, wait for the temperature to drop to 50~70°C, shut down again, let go the cooling water. VII. Avoid cleaning the water tank from time to time and not timely removing debris and dirt from the surface of the heat sink. Because the engine works for a certain period of time, the cooling system will accumulate a certain amount of scale, affect the engine cooling, and reduce the power and economy. Therefore, the cooling system must be cleaned periodically, and the tank should be cleaned at least for 1 to 2 years. The debris and dirt adhering to the heat sink will greatly reduce the heat dissipation capacity of the heat sink and cause the temperature of the engine to rise. For this reason, the sundries and dirt on the surface of the heat sink must be promptly cleaned. VIII. Avoid avoiding checking the tightness of the fan belt. The tightness of the fan belt should be appropriate. If the belt is too loose and slippery, the air volume will be reduced and the circulation speed of the cooling water will be reduced to make the engine overheat. If it is too tight, the wear of the pump shaft and bearings will increase. In addition, excessive looseness of the belt will accelerate the wear of the belt. Therefore, the belt tension should be regularly checked during use. Nine, avoid using rags to act as a water tank cover The water tank cover is equipped with an air steam valve to keep the radiator in communication with the atmosphere, which can prevent the cooling water from evaporating and leaking, and replacing the tank cover with a rag can make it difficult to avoid leakage of cooling water. In order to avoid the loss of the tank lid, the tank lid can be connected to the tank with a suitable length of iron chain. Tenth, avoid putting the cooling water not to observe the water discharge situation When some hand machine puts water, open the water switch to leave. This is not a good practice. Because during the discharge of water, there may be scale and impurities in the water course that flow along with water, and the water release switch may be easily blocked, so that the cooling water will not be released. In the winter, the body will be cracked and cracked. The correct approach is that the operator should carefully observe the flow of water when the water is discharged. If the water flow is not smooth, it should be dredged until it is exhausted. Then crank the crankshaft for twenty or thirty revolutions to drain the water in the cooling waterway.